题型针对练(四)——段尾句类Test1Agoodbookcanbesatisfying.Ifreadingisahabityou’dliketogetinto,therearesomewaystodevelopit.Realisethatreadingisenjoyableifyouhaveagoodbook.Ifyouhaveadifficultbookandyouareforcingyourselfthroughit,itwillseemlikeatask.　1　 Settime.Youshouldhavesometimeduringeverydaywhenyou’llreadforatleast5to10minutes.　2　Forexample,makeitahabittoreadduringbreakfastandlunchandevendinnerifyoueatalone. Alwayscarryabook.　3　WhenIleavethehouse,Ialwaysmakesuretohavemycarkeysandonebookathand.Thebookstayswithmeinthecar,andItakeitintotheofficeandprettymucheverywhereIgo. 　4　Findaplaceinyourhomewhereyoucansitinacomfortablechair.Donotliedownunlessyou’regoingtosleep.Thereshouldbenotelevisionorcomputernearthechair,andnomusicornoisyfamilymembersorroommates.Ifyoudon’thaveaplacelikethis,createone. ReducethetimeontelevisionortheInternet.Ifyoureallywanttoreadmore,trytoreducethetimeontelevisionortheInternet.Thismaybedifficultforsomepeople.Still,youcoulduseeveryminuteyousavefromtheInternetortelevisionforreading.　5　 A.Ifthishappens,giveupthebookandfindanotheronethatyou’llreallylove.B.Itmeansyouwillreadnomatterhowbusyyouare.C.Findaquietplace.D.Gotobookstores.E.Whereveryougo,takeabookwithyou.F.Thiscouldcreatehoursofbookreadingtime.G.Havesomegoodteaorcoffeewhileyouread.Test2(2021·安徽淮南高三第一次模拟)DoYouWasteFood?Howmuchfooddoyoubuyeachweek?Areyousomeonewhofillsyourfridgeandcupboardswithfoodsothatyou’llalwayshavesomethingtoeatandsothatyou’llnevergohungry?　1　 Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedcountries.Whilesomeofusthrowawayunwanteditems,peopleinotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.　2　Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople. Youmaythinksupermarketsaremainlytoblameforthismountainoffood.Afterall,theydocaststuffthat’spastitssell-by-date.They’vealsobeencriticisedforencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.　3　InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromhouseholds,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.Soinsteadoffillingourbellies,ourfoodisfillinguplandfillsites.Unfortunately,thiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadstoglobalwarmingandclimatechange. InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtotacklethisproblem.Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinquantitysothatpeopleboughtonlywhat theyneeded.She’ssetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.　4　 　5　Andwhenwe’reathomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingourextrafoodwithourfriendsandneighbours. A.Peoplebuymorethantheyneedandthrowtoomuchaway.B.Ormaybe,you’reefficientwithyourshopping,onlybuyingwhatyouneed.C.Butthebiggestcontributortofoodwasteisus.D.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenshopping.E.Wesimplyneedtostopthrowingawayfoodandenjoyitinstead.F.Thishashelpedcreatea25%reductioninfoodwaste.G.It’sshockingthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear.Test3LearningThroughPlayEarlychildhoodeducationoftenfocusesonlearningthroughplay.Itmeetsthephysical,intellectual,languageandemotionalneedsofchildren.　1　Thus,childrenlearnmoreefficientlyandgainmoreknowledgethroughactivitiessuchasdramaticplays,artandsocialgames. Learningthroughplayhasbeenseenregularlyinpracticeasthemostusefulwayachildcanlearn.Researcherssuggestchildrenshouldbegivenplentyofoutdoorexerciseorplaytokeepthemphysicallyandemotionallyhealthy.　2　 However,duetotheadvancementoftechnology,theartofplayhasstartedtodisappearandhasbeentransformedintoplayingthroughtechnology.　3　Ifwewanttodevelopavarietyofskills,weneedabalancedmediadiet.Eachmediumhascostsandbenefitsintermsofwhatskillseachdevelops.Technologyisbeginningtoinvadetheartofplayandabalanceneedstobefound. Manyopposethetheoryoflearningthroughplaybecausetheythinkchildrenarenotgainingnewknowledge.　4　Theyareexploringdifferentroles,learninghowthingsworkandlearningtocommunicateandworkwithothers.Thesethingscannotbetaughtbyastandardcurriculum(课程),buthavetobedevelopedthroughthemethodofplay.　5　Theyhavedesignedtheircurriculumaroundthattoallowchildrentohavemorefreedom.Oncethesebasicsarelearnedatayoungage,itsetschildrenupforsuccessthroughouttheirschoolingandtheirlife. A.Nomediaisgoodforeverything.B.Theybelievechildrenlearnthroughmovement.C.Manyschoolsunderstandtheimportanceofplay.D.Someplayopportunitieswilldevelopspecificareasofchildren’sbrain.E.Theybelieveplayallowschildrentotalkandusetheirimaginationskills.F.Inreality,playisthefirstwaychildrenlearntomakesenseoftheworldatayoungage.G.Children’snaturalcuriosityandimaginationnaturallyproducelearningwhenuncontrolled.Test4(2021·安徽黄山二模)TheSecretsofSuccessfulListening“Whenpeopletalk,listencompletely.”ThosewordsofErnestHemingwaymightbeaprettygoodguidingprincipleformanymanagers,asmightthesayingbyZenoofCitium,aGreekphilosopher,“Wehavetwoearsandonemouth,soweshouldlistenmorethanwesay.”　1　 Somefirmsuseatechniqueknownasa“listeningcircle”.　2　Insuchacircle,onlyone personcantalkabouttheissuestheyfaceatatimeandthereisnointerruption.AstudycitedintheHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatemployeeswhohadtakenpartinalisteningcirclethensufferedlesssocialanxietyandhadfewerworriesaboutwork-relatedmattersthanthosewhodidnot. ListeninghasbeencriticaltothecareerofRichardMullender,whowasanegotiator,dealingwitheverything.Hedefineslisteningas“theidentification,selectionandcomprehensionofthekeywords”.　3　Plentyofpeoplethinkthatgoodlisteningisaboutnoddingyourheadorkeepingeyecontact.Butthatisnotreallylistening,MrMullenderargues. Agoodlistenerisalwayslookingforfacts,emotionsandindicationsofthespeaker’svalues.Anotherimportantpointtobearinmindisthat,whenyoutalk,youarenotlistening.Thelistener’sfocusshouldbeonanalysis.　4　Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheotherpersonistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.　5　Thefundamentalaimistobuilduparelationshipsotheotherpersonlikesyouandtrustsyou,MrMullendersays. A.Itisvitaltoalleffectivecommunication.B.However,alistenerneedstospeakoccasionally.C.Forpeoplelikelisteningtoothers.D.Thatgivestheotherpartyasensethattheyarebeingunderstood.E.Therefore,alistenershouldn’tjustlisten.F.Initparticipantsareencouragedtotalkopenlyandhonestly.G.Forpeoplelikebeinglistenedto.题型针对练(四)——段尾句类Test1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是很好的习惯,文章对于怎么养成阅读的习惯给出了一些建议。1.A　解析:根据上文的“Ifyouhaveadifficultbookandyouareforcingyourselfthroughit,itwillseemlikeatask.”可知,如果你有一本难懂的书,而且你正强迫自己看完它,那看起来就像是一项任务。因此A项“如果这样的话,不如放弃这本书,找另外一本你真正喜欢的。”符合语境。故选A项。2.B　解析:根据下文的“Forexample,makeitahabittoreadduringbreakfastandlunchandevendinnerifyoueatalone.”可知,如果你独自一人吃饭,在早餐、午餐甚至晚餐时都要养成阅读的习惯。因此B项“不管你多么忙,你都要阅读。”符合语境。故选B项。3.E　解析:根据上文的“Alwayscarryabook.”可知,要总是带着一本书,E项“无论你去哪,随身带本书。”是对上文进一步的解释说明。故选E项。4.C　解析:根据下文的“Findaplaceinyourhomewhereyoucansitinacomfortablechair.”以及“Thereshouldbenotelevisionorcomputer...andnomusicornoisyfamilymembersorroommates.”可知,要找一个安静的地方,C项“找一个安静的地方。”概括本段内容。故选C项。5.F　解析:根据上文的“Still,youcoulduseeveryminuteyousavefromtheInternetortelevisionforreading.”可知,你可以利用在互联网或电视上节省的时间阅读,因此 F项“这可以创造数小时的读书时间。”符合语境。故选F项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①satisfyingadj.令人满意的②forcev.强迫;迫使重点语块③makesure确保④giveup放弃Test2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近几年来,发达国家正面临愈演愈烈的食品浪费现象,生活在这些国家的人们扔掉大量的食物。与其相反,还有一些国家的人们面临食物紧缺问题。本文主要介绍了导致食物浪费的原因和减少浪费的办法。1.B　解析:根据上文的“Howmuchfooddoyoubuyeachweek?Areyousomeonewhofillsyourfridgeandcupboardswithfoodsothatyou’llalwayshavesomethingtoeatandsothatyou’llnevergohungry?”可知,此处问读者每周买多少食物,列举了一种买很多食物填满冰箱和碗橱的人,由此可知设空处可能会讲每周买多少食物的另一种情况(或人),承接上文,而B项“或者,你购物效率很高,只买你需要的东西。”符合语境。故选B项。2.G　解析:根据上文的“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedcountries.Whilesomeofusthrowawayunwanteditems,peopleinotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.”和下文的“Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.”可知,前一句讲到发达国家食物浪费现象,后一句讲“十三亿吨粮食足够养活十亿饥饿人口。”由此可知,设空处应该讲“食物浪费的多少”,因而G项“令人震惊的是,世界上每年有三分之一的食物被浪费了。”符合语境。故选G项。3.C　解析:根据下文的“InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromhouseholds,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.”可知,53%的食物浪费来自家庭,说明是消费者自己造成了食物浪费,因此C项“但造成食物浪费的最大因素是我们。”符合语境。故选C项。4.F　解析:根据上文的“InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtotacklethisproblem.Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinquantitysothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.She’ssetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.”可知,这位女士采取措施解决食物浪费问题,由此可知她设立教育计划也是为了减少食物浪费问题,因而F项“这有助于减少25%的食物浪费。”符合语境。故选F项。5.D　解析:根据上文内容及下文的“Andwhenwe’reathomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingourextrafoodwithourfriendsandneighbours.”可知,在家时应充分利用已有食物,用可以把剩余食物用光的食谱,或者与朋友和邻居分享多余的食物,由此可知D项“显然,我们在购物时要三思而后行。”符合语境。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词 ①figuren.数字②tacklev.解决;处理重点语块③foodshortages食品短缺④tonsoffood大量食物⑤inquantity大量地Test3【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。儿童早期教育侧重于寓学于乐,这种教育方式可以适应孩子身心健康发展的需求。1.G　解析:根据设空处前后的内容可知,寓学习于玩乐的教育方式适应孩子身体、智力、语言和情感等方面的需要,他们通过游戏学到了很多东西。故选G项。2.E　解析:根据设空处前面一句可知,研究人员认为孩子们应该多锻炼或玩游戏以保持身心健康。E项内容用在此处承接上文。3.A　解析:根据设空处前的一句和设空处后的三句可推知,作者认为随着科技的发展孩子们接触各种媒体时应该找到一种平衡,故可推知,任何一种媒体都有其不足之处。故选A项。4.F　解析:根据设空处后面的一句可知,孩子们在游戏中探究不同的角色,学习事情如何运作,学习与人交流、合作。这说明游戏是孩子在小时候学习理解这个世界的第一种方式。故选F项。5.C　解析:设空处后面的一句提到他们设置课程的目的是让孩子们有更多自由,故可推知,很多学校都认识到游戏的重要性。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①intellectualadj.智力的②advancementn.前进;推动Test4【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种成功倾听的方法。1.G　解析:根据上文的“Whenpeopletalk,listencompletely.”及“Wehavetwoearsandonemouth,soweshouldlistenmorethanwesay.”可知,设空处内容与解释要倾听的原因有关,因而G项“因为人们喜欢被倾听。”符合语境。故选G项。2.F　解析:根据上文的“Somefirmsuseatechniqueknownasa‘listeningcircle’.”可知,选项F中的代词it指前一句中atechniqueknownasa“listeningcircle”,且此处内容与“倾听圈”的技术特点有关,因而F项“在这里面它鼓励参与者开诚布公地交谈。”符合语境。故选F项。3.A　解析:根据上文的“Hedefineslisteningas‘theidentification,selectionandcomprehensionofthekeywords’.”可知,此处内容与RichardMullender对倾听做这种定义的原因有关,因而A项符合此处语境,it指代上文提到的“识别、选择和理解关键词”。故选A项。4.B　解析:根据上文的“Thelistener’sfocusshouldbeonanalysis.”和下文的“Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheotherpersonistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.”可知,此处与上文形成转折关系,且内容与倾听者要说话发表自己的看法有关,因而B项符合语境。故选B项。5.D　解析:根据上文的“Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheother personistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.”及下文的“Thefundamentalaimistobuilduparelationshipsotheotherpersonlikesyouandtrustsyou...”可知,D项中代词That指前一句提到的做法,此处内容与讲述倾听者说话会有什么作用有关,因而D项符合题意。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①socialanxiety社会性焦虑②work-relatedmatters与工作有关的事情③becriticalto...对……很关键④keepeyecontact保持眼神交流⑤bearinmind牢记⑥makeanassessmentof...对……做评估