题型针对练(二)——段首句类Test1(2021·山东日照一模)Thecarbonfootprintshowshowmuchcarbondioxideapersonemits(排放)ineverydaylife.Itmeasurestheamountoffossil(化石)fuelsandelectricitysomeoneusesaswellasthenumberofproductsheorshebuys.Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide,variousothergasesaresetfree.　1　 Youcanmeasureyourcarbonfootprintbyusingacalculatorthatyoucanfindonvariouswebsites.　2　InAmerica,forexample,everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayearwhileinGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons. 　3　Thewaywetravel,forexample,hasamajoreffectonourenvironment.Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.　4　Manyenvironmentalexperts,however,arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesincomparisonwithconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.Inyourhomeyoucancontributetosavingenergybyturningofflightsifyoudon’tneedthemorbyavoidingtheuseofairconditioners.Recyclingplasticglassandpapercanalsoreduceyourcarbonfootprintdramatically. 　5　Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter. A.Manypeopletravelbetweencitiesandsuburbseveryday.B.ThecarbonfootprintisusuallymeasuredintonsofCO2peryear.C.Theseemissionsleadtoathickeratmosphereandglobalwarming.D.Itisalsovitaltopersuadeotherstotakethesamestepsasyoudo.E.Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.F.Thewebsitesalsoprovidecarbonstoragetoolsandmethodsforindividuals.G.Buyinglocalfoodisanotherwayofrestrictingemissionintotheatmosphere.Test2(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)Intoday’sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.　1　It’sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress. Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles,overtiredness,orheadaches,itisquitepossiblystress-related.Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories:thosewithapracticalsolution,thosethatwillgetbetterwithtimeandthoseoutsideyourcontrol.　2　 Moveyourbody.Exercisewon’tcureyourstress,butitcanhelptocleanyourhead.Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming,butthere’snothingmorethrillingthanhittingapunchbag.Don’tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.　3　Theywillonlymakeyoufeelphysicallyandmentallyworse. 　4　Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvice,youcantalktoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup,andtheymayprovideyouwithsolutions.Sometimes,youcan’tseetheeasywayoutofthesituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.  Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.　5　Makeato-dolist.Dothebigandimportantthingslast,afteryouhaveachievedseveralofthesmallthings.Thatway,youwillapproachthebigthingsalreadyfeelinggood. A.Talkitthrough.B.Beagoodlistener.C.Thesearen’tsolutions.D.Itpaystotrynewthings.E.Butthisisafalseimpression.F.Itcanalsoimpacthowyourbodyfunctions.G.Focusonthefirstkindandignoretheothers.Test3(2021·山东淄博高三第三次模拟)HowtostoplifegettingyoudownWedon’tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.　1　Therearemanypossiblemeanstopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown. Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesnotonlyfilltime,butalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinamusicclub.　2　 Askforhelp.Ifyou’restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon’tneedtobeonyourown.　3　You’llalsofindthatonlineconferencesandsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp. 　4　Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.Starttoappreciatethebeautyofaflower,afavouritepieceofmusicorasimplesunnyday.Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyenjoytheflavourofyourmealorlieonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax. Dothingsforothers.　5　You’llfeelmorepositiveknowingthatyou’recontributingtoabetterworld,whetherhelpingjustonepersonoralargergroup.Trydoingafewrandomactsofkindnesstobrightenupyourday;payforsomeone’sdinneratarestaurantorsendanicelettertosomeonethatyouknoworsomeonethat’smadeadifferencetoyourlife. A.Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.B.Theymaydowondersforyourmood.C.Trynottoworryaboutwhatpeoplethinkofyou.D.Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.E.Donotbebotheredbythingsaffectingyourmood.F.Fewthingsbuildself-confidencequitelikedoingafavour.G.So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudownhowcanyoupickyourselfbackup?Test4(2021·河北唐山高三二模)Haveyoueverbeenlabelleda“perfectionist”?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.　1　 Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealways rising,andtheyapproachworkwithoptimism,pleasureandadesiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists,however,areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.　2　Theymayexperiencefearoffailure,anxietyandotherpainfulemotions. 　3　Accordingtoresearch,perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.Thisisbecauseperfectionismcanpreventyoufromleavingyourcomfortzoneandtakingrisks.　4　Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult,thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks. Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,startbysettingrealisticgoals.Thinkaboutyourmostimportantlifeandcareergoals.　5　Notonlywillthismakeiteasiertoreachyourobjectives,butyou’llalsoexperiencethethrillofachievingthesesmallergoals. TheodoreRooseveltsaid,“Dowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,whereyouare.”Acceptthatthisisthebestyoucandoanddon’ttryandmakeupsomeperfectworld.A.Ifsomethingisn’tperfect,theyrefuseit.B.Perfectionismcanleadtoself-criticism,too.C.Perfectionismcanreduceyourproductivity,too.D.Then,breakthemdownintomonthlyoryearlysteps.E.Infact,severeperfectionismcandomoreharmthangood.F.Theyshowthatyou’renotafraidtopushyourselfandtrynewthings.G.Whenperfectionismgetsoutofcontrol,itcanharmyouinmanyaspects.题型针对练(二)——段首句类Test1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了减少碳足迹的重要性,并且提出了减少碳足迹的方法。1.C　解析:空格前的“Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide,variousothergasesaresetfree.”中的carbondioxide和variousothergases对应C项中的Theseemissions,C项承接上文,说明这些释放的气体对环境的影响。故选C项。2.B　解析:根据空格后的“InAmerica,forexample,everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayearwhileinGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.”可知,这些例子说明了碳足迹通常以每年的二氧化碳吨数来衡量。故选B项。3.E　解析:根据下文的“Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.”可知,空格处引出减少碳足迹的措施,因此E项“Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.”符合语境。故选E项。4.G　解析:根据空格后的“Manyenvironmentalexperts,however,arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesincomparisonwithconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.”可知,此处是指购买当地的食物是另一种减少碳排放量的方法。故选G项。 5.D　解析:根据空格后的“Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.”可知,此处是号召人们共同行动起来。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①calculatorn.计算器②dramaticallyadv.显著地;剧烈地重点语块③carbonfootprint碳足迹④putaburdenon...给……增加负担⑤contributetosavingenergy为节约能源做贡献精彩句式⑥Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.只有我们共同专注于减少碳排放才能让我们的环境变得更好。Test2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对压力时,人们应该采取的一些措施。1.F　解析:根据上文的“Intoday’sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.”以及下文的“It’sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress.”可知,上文提到压力对人们的影响,下文则说值得花时间学习管理压力的策略,由此可知空格处应承接上文继续说明压力对人的影响。故选F项。2.G　解析:根据上文的“Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles...Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories...”可知,本段的主旨是找到压力产生的原因,且上文提到了三类问题,空格处为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明应该关注第一类问题,故G项符合语境。3.C　解析:根据上文的“Moveyourbody.Exercisewon’tcureyourstress...Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming...Don’tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.”可知,上文提到不要通过抽烟和喝酒加重压力,故本句承接上文说明原因“这些不是解决方案。”,C项的These指代上文的drinkingandsmoking。故选C项。4.A　解析:根据下文的“Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvice,youcantalktoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup...Sometimes,youcan’tseetheeasywayoutofthesituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.”可知,下文提到可以通过向朋友倾诉自己的压力来缓解压力,故A项符合语境。5.E　解析:根据上文的“Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.”可知,你走得越快,就会感觉你完成的事情越多。而下文则提出要列一个待办事项清单,建议在完成一些小事情后再去做那些大的、重要的事情,由此可知本句与上文构成转折意义,故E项“但这是一种假象。”符合语境。 【帮你拓知识】重点语块①beloadedwith...充满……②rusharound东奔西跑③makeato-dolist列一个要做事情的清单Test3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。遇到困难与挫折时如何让自己勇敢面对困难?文章就此提出了一些建议。1.G　解析:根据空格前的“Wedon’tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.”可知,我们不喜欢谈论遇到的困难,却选择表现出坚强的样子。根据空格后的“Therearemanypossiblemeanstopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown.”可知,下文给出了几种防止自己被击倒的方法。G项“So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudownhowcanyoupickyourselfbackup?”起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。2.B　解析:上文的“Hobbiesnotonlyfilltime,butalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.”与B项“Theymaydowondersforyourmood.”都在讲述兴趣带来的好处。故选B项。3.D　解析:本段主题句是“Askforhelp.”,而D项“Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.”与主题句意思一致,选项中的help呼应主题句“Askforhelp.”。故选D项。4.A　解析:空格处为本段主题句。根据下文的“Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.”可知,本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事,而A项“Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.”可以概括本段内容。故选A项。5.F　解析:根据本段主题句“Dothingsforothers.”可知,下文主要介绍帮助别人的好处。F项“Fewthingsbuildself-confidencequitelikedoingafavour.”承接上下文。故选F项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①beknockeddown被击倒②tryoutanewhobby尝试一种新的爱好③brightenupsb’sday使某人一天心情愉快Test4【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了严重完美主义的一些危害以及克服完美主义的办法。1.E　解析:根据上文“Haveyoueverbeenlabelleda‘perfectionist’?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.”以及下文关于严重完美主义的弊端的内容可知,E项“事实上,严重完美主义可能弊大于利。”符合此处语境。故选E项。2.A　解析:上文的“Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealwaysrising...desiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists,however,areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.” 提到了不健康的完美主义者的表现;下文的“Theymayexperiencefearoffailure,anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.”进一步列举不健康完美主义者的表现;A项中的they对应上文中的Unhealthyperfectionists,因此A项“如果某个东西是不完美的,他们就拒绝它。”符合语境。故选A项。3.G　解析:根据下文的“Accordingtoresearch,perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.”可知,下文列举了完美主义在健康、创造力等方面的问题,由此可推测本句介绍了完美主义会在很多方面对你造成伤害。故选G项。4.C　解析:根据下文的“Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult,thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.”可知,完美主义因为过于追求完美,浪费了本可以花在更重要的任务上的时间,即完美主义会降低效率。故选C项。5.D　解析:根据上文的“Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,startbysettingrealisticgoals.”可知,如果你认为你有完美主义的问题,可以从设立现实的目标开始。根据下文的achievingthesesmallergoals可知,此处指把目标进行分解,D项中的them指代上文的goals。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①eatingdisorder饮食紊乱②getcaughtupinminordetails陷入小细节③setrealisticgoals设立现实的目标精彩句式④It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.把完美主义看作是一种理想的或积极的品质是很吸引人的。