考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)Thepaper,publishedinMaybytheJournalofMarketingResearch,analysedpurchasesmadefromasinglelargeEuropeanretailerandfoundthatfreeshippingdidencouragecustomerstobuymore.Butitalsoincreasedpurchasesofitemsthathistoricallyhavehigherreturnrates,suchasclothingorproductsfromlesser-knownbrands.Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.Inonepartofthepaper,duringthetypicallyfour-weekperiodswhenfreeshippingwasoffered,onlineordervolumesrose11%.Butwhenthecostofreturnswascomparedwiththesalesproceeds(收入),theauthorscalculatedthatonbalancetheresultsforthepromotionperiodsamountedtoanaverage0.7%loss.Inoneanalysisthatranfortwomonths,theresearchersfoundthatthereturnrateforcustomerswhoboughtlow-riskproducts—likeofficesupplies,orproductsfromwell-knownbrands—averagedabout22%.Inanotheranalysis,theresearchersattemptedtobetterunderstandmotivationsofonlineshoppersbymeasuringtheirattitudestowardsfreeshipping.Theyfoundtwothingswerehappening.First,consumerssawfreeshippingascompensationfortakingariskonaproduct.Second,feelingsofgratitudeforhavingshippingcostseliminated(消除)madethemhappyandthusmorewillingtomakeariskypurchase.Prof.Neslinadvisescompaniestolookatwhethertheirownfree-shippingpromotionsareprofitablebeforetheylaunchsuchcampaigns.Also,headvisescompaniestoidentifywhichproductsgetreturnedmoreoftenthanothersandtrytoprovidecustomerswithmoreinformationaboutthoseproducts,sotheycanmakemoreinformedchoices.1.Whaterasedtheprofitsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theriskycustomers.B.TheEuropeanretailer.C.Thereturneditems.D.Thelesser-knownbrands.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Consumersriskedpurchasingaproductwhenfreeshippingcamealongwithit.B.Freeshippingencouragedcustomerstobuyproductsfromwell-knownbrands.C.Onlineordervolumesroseonlywhenfreeshippingwasofferedascompensation.D.Purchasesofofficesuppliesalsoincreasedduringthetypicallyfour-weekperiods.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Low-riskproducts.B.Returnrates.C.Increasedpurchases.D.Freeshipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmakethee-bookyouarereadingseemasdatedasa silentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofe-booksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracks(电影原声音乐)andmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoiseinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritain—includetherainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfore-booksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics,however,willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel,chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency,saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid,“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage,thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsync(同步),aclickonanywordwillresetit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls,authorofOurDay,thebest-sellernowreleasedasafilm,said,“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.Ihaveenoughtroublereadingane-bookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBridesells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid,“IfI’mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”4.Whatdopublishersexpectane-booksoundtracktodo?A.Helptoreleaseane-bookasafilm.B.Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C.Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D.Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.5.Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksfore-books?A.SherlockHolmes.B.CarolineMichel.C.DavidNicholls.D.StuartMacBride.6.WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A.Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B.Heknewagreatdealoftea.C.Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D.Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Opinionsaboute-bookswithsoundtracks.B.Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C.Reasonsfortraditionale-booksbecomingoutdated.D.Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.C (2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)Formostpeople,graduationisanexcitingdayofthecelebrationofyearsofhardwork.Mygraduationdaywasnot.Irememberthatweekendtwoyearsago.Familyandfriendshadflowninfromacrossthecountrytoattendthecelebration.Butjustlikeeveryoneelseinmyclass,Ihadwatchedtheeconomyturnfrombadtoworse.WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanwasdrawingcloser.Youknowthatfeelingwhenyouwakeupinfear?Thatfeelingbecameaconstantinmylife.Daysfeltlikeweeks,weekslikemonths.AndthemostfrustratingpartwasnomatterhowmuchItried,Ijustcouldn’tseemtomakeanyprogress.SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Idecidedtowrite.Somethingaboutputtingwordsonapagemadeeverythingseemalittleclearer—alittlebrighter.Somethingaboutwritinggavemehope.Andifyouwantsomethingbadlyenough,sometimesalittlehopeisallyouneed!SoIputmythoughtsintoachildren’sbook.Andthenoneday,withoutanysortofwritingdegreeorcontactsinthewritingworld—justalotofhardworkandperseverance—Iwasofferedapublishingcontractformyfirstbook!Afterthat,thingsslowlybegantofallintoplace.Iwasofferedasecondbookdeal.Then,afewmonthslater,Igotaninterviewandwashiredshortly.Themoralofthisstoryis...don’tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don’tgiveup.Ifyouworkhard,thingswillalwaysgetbetter.Oftentimesallweneedisthecouragetoovercomedifficulties.8.Fromparagraph2,wecanlearnthattheauthorprobably　　　. A.washavinganexcitinggraduationB.wasgettingintofinancialdifficultiesC.missedthelifeintheuniversityD.hadjustappliedforthestudentloan9.Howdidtheauthorchangethefrustratingsituation?A.Bysendingapplications.B.Byofferingcontracts.C.Bykeepingwriting.D.Bypublishingbooks.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“bleak”inthelastparagraph?A.Unattractive.　　　　　B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Successbelongstothepersevering.B.Acontentedmindisapermanentfeast.C.Asmoothseanevermakesaskillfulmariner.D.Misfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,在线零售商 长期以来一直通过免运费的方式来鼓励客户购买更多产品,但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。1.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.”可知,促销的结果就是退货也增加了,直到(退货过多)利润消失。故选C项。2.A　解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的“First,consumerssawfreeshippingascompensationfortakingariskonaproduct.”可知,消费者将免费送货视为对产品承担风险的补偿。由此可推断,与免费送货一起的是消费者冒险购买产品。故选A项。3.D　解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thepaper...analysedpurchasesmadefromasinglelargeEuropeanretailerandfoundthatfreeshippingdidencouragecustomerstobuymore.Butitalsoincreasedpurchasesofitemsthathistoricallyhavehigherreturnrates...Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.”中这些信息以及下文的分析可知,本文主要讲述了免费送货确实刺激了消费者购买更多的商品,但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。也就是说,文章主要围绕免费送货展开描述。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)runv.持续;延续②low-riskadj.低风险的③launchv.发起;发动重点语块④onbalance总的来说⑤amountto总计;共计;等于;相当于⑥makeariskypurchase冒险购买【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来探索电子书的成功,以及人们对此的不同看法。4.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知,当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时,背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知,出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。5.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中CarolineMichel所说的“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可以推知,CarolineMichel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。6.D　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中StuartMacBride所说的“IfI’mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”可知,StuartMacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。7.A　解析:主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第三段的“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfore-booksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.”以及第六段的“Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.”可知,本文主要介绍 了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①datedadj.过时的;陈旧的②reassessv.重新考虑;再次评价③accordinglyadv.相应地;因此④releasev.发布;公布【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧,但他不放弃,最终走出困境的励志故事。8.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的“WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanwasdrawingcloser.”可知,作者在毕业后难以找到工作,而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知,作者面临经济困难。故选B项。9.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity?Idecidedtowrite.”以及“SoIputmythoughtsintoachildren’sbook.”可知,作者通过坚持写作来改变自己令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。10.B　解析:词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“Themoralofthisstoryis...don’tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don’tgiveup.”可推知,能够导致放弃的事情可能是无望的或者是糟糕的,因此能够替换bleak的词应该是hopeless。故选B项。11.A　解析:主旨大意题。根据作者描述的个人经历以及最后一段内容可知,本文主要谈论的是“成功属于坚韧不拔的人”。故选A项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)constantn.常数;常量重点语块②turnfrombadtoworse每况愈下;越来越糟③duedate到期日④fallintoplace明朗化;清晰;理出头绪