考点分类练(九)　主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For30yearswehavebeentoldhowtemperatureshavebeenrisingrapidlytotheunheard-oflevel.Thisiscausingpolaricetomelt,sealeveltoriseandhasbroughtaboutadangerousincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Theseintensechangeswouldlikelypresentchallengestooursocietyandenvironment.Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenic(人类活动引起的)innature.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,humanactivitieshaveincreasedtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theincreasedamountofgaseswhichabsorbheathasledtomoreheatbeingkeptintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.Thecertaintyofglobalwarmingcanbeseenthroughsomeofthenaturalphenomenaliketheeffectoncropsandextremeweatherconditionsaroundtheworld.Therecentassessmentreportsaysthattheearth’saveragetemperaturehasrisenby0.74degreesfrom1906to2005,andthattheaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise.Therehavealsobeenmoreviolentdownpours,andtheiceattheworld’spolesandonitsmountainsismelting.Therisingsealevelisfloodingthelow-lyingcountriesinAsiaandsmallislandsinthePacific.Thismayleadtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople,lossofmillionsoflandandconsequentlybillionsofdollars.Troubledbytheserioussituation,worldleaderscametogetherforthe2015UnitedNations(UN)ClimateChangeConferenceinParis.Theclimatetalksledto196countriesreachingalandmarkagreementthatcommittednearlyeverycountrytoloweringplanet-warminggreenhousegasemissionstoaddressglobalclimatechange.Thatwascertainlyanencouragingstepforourearthandmankind!Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theinformationofindustrialrevolution.B.Thegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.C.Thereasonsofclimatechange.D.Theresultofextremeweatherevents.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehavemadegreatachievements.B.Somemeasuresarestillrequiredtotake.C.Marsissuitableforpeople’sliving.D.Somecountrieswillreceiveurgentaid.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext? (P:Paragraph)B(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)Eatingchocolateatleastonceaweekcouldputoffaheartattack,accordingtoanewresearch.Chocolateispackedwithplantchemicalsthatweakeninflammation(炎症)andhelpbloodflow,explainedscientists.LeadauthorDrChayakritKrittanawongsaid,“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”Itcollecteddatafromsixtrialsthatexaminedthelinkoverthepastfivedecades.Atotalof336,289peoplereportedtheirintake.Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryartery(冠状动脉)diseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.Chocolateisknowntoproducethesamechemicalinthebrainasfallinginlove.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Chocolatecontainshealthynutrientssuchasflavonoids(类黄酮),polyphenolsandstearicacidwhichmayreduceinflammation.”KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Inthepast,clinicalstudieshaveshownchocolateisbeneficialforbloodpressure.”Darkchocolatehaslongbeenknowntohavehealthbenefitsbutrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.DrKrittanawongpointedouthisstudydidnotinvestigatewhetheranyparticulartypeofchocolatewasmorebeneficial—oriftherewasanidealportionsize.Hesaid,“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.Butmoreresearchisneededtoshowhowmuchandwhatkindofchocolatecouldberecommended.”Whileit’snotclearhowmuchisperfect,DrKrittanawongwarnedpeopleagainstovereating.Hesaid,“Moderateamountsofchocolateseemtoprotectcoronaryarteriesbutit’slikelythatlargequantitiesdonot.”4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultofthestudy.B.Theprocessofthestudy.C.Theparticipantsofthestudy.D.Theintentionofthestudy.5.Whichofthefollowingcanprobablypreventbloodflow?A.Aheartattack. B.Astroke.C.High-densitylipoprotein.D.Low-densitylipoprotein.6.Whatdoestherecentstudytellus?A.Chocolateisgoodforbloodpressure.B.Darkchocolateisbeneficialforhealth.C.Milkchocolatemayalsobenefittheheart.D.Chocolatecontainsspecialplantchemicals.7.What’sDrKrittanawong’sattitudetowardschocolate’spreventingcoronaryarterydisease?A.Indifferent.　　　　　　B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)Fewpeoplerealisethatittakesmanyvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.IvolunteeratValleyTherapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA),closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers—approximatelyeighty—totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofblack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovolunteersgroom(刷洗;梳毛)thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime—becausethechildrenneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,businessauthorandspeaker,Ivolunteeredonmanyfieldsandinmanyorganisations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit—aswasmyhead—causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.Ilovehorses,andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchildrenmanybenefits.C.Volunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.9.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoluntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling.B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable. D.Demandingbutfruitless.10.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.B.Volunteeringhasbroughtherawin-winresult.C.She’sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.D.Shewasn’tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HelpingChildreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjuryC.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:AHardLesson考点分类练(九)　主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因,对人类社会和环境造成的影响,以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。1.C　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.”可知,本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。2.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.”可知,还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。3.D　解析:推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大,对人类社会和环境造成很大影响;第二段讲述气候变化的原因;第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知,第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述,因而前三段行文结构是“总—分—分”;第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化,因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系;第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效,但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知,第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明,所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①intenseadj.十分强烈的②downpourn.倾盆大雨③displacementn.(多指战争或自然灾害造成的)人们的离家④addressv.设法解决;处理重点语块⑤thelow-lyingcountries地势低的国家精彩句式⑥IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!要是我们可以收拾行李移民火星该多好啊!【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症,促进血液流动,有利于身体健康。 4.A　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”和“Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.”可知,本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。5.D　解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.”可知,当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候,它会造成动脉血管堵塞,从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通,最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。6.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第五段的“...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.”可知,最近的研究表明,牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供营养物质,即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。7.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.”可知,Krittanawong博士对“巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用”是“充满希望的”。故选B项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①intaken.摄取量②medicallyadv.医学上地③collectv.聚集;汇集重点语块④blockup塞住;封住⑤moderateamountsof...适量的……【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤,但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。8.C　解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的“Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.”这些信息可知,本段主要讲述为了骑马课程,志愿者需要做很多工作。故选C项。9.B　解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers...totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren...Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.”这些信息可知,志愿者工作很辛苦、很累;再根据第三段的“Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.”和最后一段的“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.”可知,她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。10.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.”可知,志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知,志愿者工作带来了“双赢”的结果。故选B项。11.C　解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段的“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.”可知,是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己,找回了自己,志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项“志愿者工作:回归之旅”符合文章主旨,是最佳标题。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①anarmyofvolunteers一大批志愿者②mentaldisabilities心理障碍③turn...around扭转;好转