考点分类练(八)　主旨大意题——标题归纳类A(2021·山东济宁一模)Duringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhasseenadramaticrisein“visitors”recently.Somanyarethehermitcrabs(寄居蟹)floodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappealforemptyshellsthatnettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkinaceremony.Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.OnKohLantaandthesurroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanaturalphenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtotheabsenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.Crabsbeguntomakedowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.Theshelldriveispartofagovernmentinitiativetoregainthebalanceofnature.“Ihaveinstructedallnationalparkstodowhateverittakes,”saystheministerfornaturalresources.Hisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbytheepidemic.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.InthecoastalprovincesofPhangNgaandPhuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopythepolicyduringtheepidemicinfuture.Fromnowon,allnationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringtheoff-seasonandtolimitthenumberoftouriststhroughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismintheshortterm,inthelongerrunmoreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.1.WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?A.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.B.Theybecamecompletelyempty.C.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.D.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.2.Whatcontributedtothehousingshortageforhermitcrabs?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Humanactivities.C.Theirpreferenceforbottles.D.Thegovernment’sinvolvement.3.Whyareturtlesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.B.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.C.TostresstheecologicaldiversityofThailand.D.Toillustratethebirthoftheminister’sinspiration.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?B.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors? C.GovernmentsAreResponsiblefortheBalanceofNatureD.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabsB(2021·山东烟台一模)Manyteachersbelievefrequentquizzes(小测验)helpstudentsbettergraspclassroommaterial.Crede,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,wasskepticalthatsomethingassimpleasaquizcouldpositivelyaffectstudents’academicperformance.Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.Whathediscoveredtrulysurprisedhim.Credeanalyseddatafrompreviouslypublishedstudiesthatexamined52classeswithalmost8,000students,todetermineiffrequentquizzesimprovedthestudents’academicperformance.LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.Theothersurprisingthingwashowmuchquizzeshelpedreducefailureratesinclasses.Thechancesofpassingaclasswentthroughtheroofwhereinstructorsusedthis.Inadditiontoquizfrequency,anotherfactorthatseemedtopositivelyaffectstudents’performancewasimmediatefeedbackfrominstructors.Also,quizzesthatrequiredstudentstoanswerwithwrittenresponsesprovedmorebeneficialtotheirunderstandingofclassroommaterialcomparedtomultiple-choicequestions.Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.Instead,itisrecommendedthatinstructorsgiveonlinequizzesthatcanbeautomaticallygradedbyacoursemanagementsystem.Quizattributes(属性)provedinsignificantinthestudy,includingwhetherthetestswerepopquizzesorplanned,oriftheywereonlineoronpaper.5.WhatdidCrededotoensurehisstudy’saccuracy?A.Hefocusedonwhathappenedinclassrooms.B.Heresearchedasmanystudentsashecould.C.Hemadelaboratorysettingsasrealaspossible.D.Hegaveeasyquizzestomakeeverystudentdowell.6.WhatdidCredediscoverinhisstudy?A.Frequentquizzescouldremovestudents’failureinclasses.B.Instructors’feedbackwasmoreimportantthanfrequentquizzes.C.Frequentquizzeswereespeciallyusefultothestrugglingstudents.D.Multiple-choicequestionsshouldn’tbeincludedinfrequentquizzes.7.Whatmaybeadisadvantageoffrequentquizzesforteachers?A.AccessingtheInternetlessfrequently.B.Havingtoomanyexampaperstomark.C.Beingunabletogetappropriatetestmaterial.D.Findingithardtochoosetherighttype. 8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.QuizzesStimulateaPassionforCreationB.QuizzesImproveAcademicPerformanceC.QuizzesCreateaHeavyBurdenD.QuizzesIncreaseBoredomC(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish(海葵鱼)forexample.Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemalesdefendthenest,butonlythemalestakecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthesurroundingsclean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortintothenest.Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,themalesfanthemtoprovideoxygenandremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundtoremoveanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatscomesfromfemalesticklebacks(刺鱼),whoformorganisedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.Themalesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.Doting(宠爱的)fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomepoisonfrogspecies,thedadsalsowarnthemumswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Children.　　　　　　B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthemaleanemonefish?A.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.B.Theyaremuchlargerthanthefemaleanemonefish.C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.D.Theyfrequentlymakeattacksonotheranimals.11.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan’ttrackitsyoungfish?A.Thedadcan’ttendtotheyoungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFishC.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoninNature 考点分类练(八)　主旨大意题——标题归纳类【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在泰国旅游业下滑期间,寄居蟹数量暴涨,政府向公众发出呼吁,要求提供净重超过200公斤的空壳给寄居蟹居住。1.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“SomanyarethehermitcrabsfloodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.”可知,KohLanta海滩挤满了寄居蟹。故选C项。2.B　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的“Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.”可知,是人类活动导致了寄居蟹的住房短缺。故选B项。3.D　解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的“Hisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbytheepidemic.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.”可知,他的灵感正是来源于这次的海龟拯救行动,所以提到海龟是为了说明其灵感的来源。故选D项。4.D　解析:标题归纳题。第一段提到旅游业下滑期间,许多寄居蟹涌入原本空旷的KohLanta海滩,结果供它们居住的贝壳变得供不应求;第二段提到为了解决贝壳短缺的问题,泰国政府向公众发出呼吁,要求提供净重超过200公斤的空壳;第三段提到人类活动导致寄居蟹所需的贝壳短缺;第四段提到政府贝壳行动的目的和灵感来源;最后一段提到泰国政府已经决定在未来尝试复制疫情期间的政策,使旅游业短暂休息以恢复生态。本文是一篇新闻报道,所以D项“当局帮助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所”最适合做标题。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①closuren.停业;关闭重点语块②floodinto...涌入……③inshortsupply短缺;紧缺④theoff-season淡季⑤intheshortterm短期内【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现,经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。5.A　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的“LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.”可知,为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料,而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。6.C　解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的“Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.”可知,频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。7.B　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.”可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。8.B　解析:标题归纳题。根据第一段的“Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.”和第三段的“Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.”可知,本文主要讲述了Crede经过研究证明,经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响,因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块①associateprofessor副教授②academicperformance学业表现③failurerate失败率④quizfrequency测试频率⑤immediatefeedback及时反馈【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例,讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。9.A　解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.”可推测,画线词意为“后代,孩子”。故选A项。10.C　解析:推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴,给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁;第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁,保护它们不被吃掉;第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼,并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知,雄性海葵鱼实际上是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。11.B　解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.”可知,这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。12.A　解析:标题归纳题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段“Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspeciesgoaboveandbeyondtocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefishforexample.”可知,文章以雄性海葵鱼为例,讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代,因而A项“动物王国里的模范父亲”是最佳标题。故选A项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)fanv.扇(风)②restrictedadj.受限制的重点语块③putalotofeffortinto...非常努力……