1.Hehasbeentryinghardtohold___________histemper.A)uptoB)intoC)downtoD)onto2.YesterdayIwentshoppingandfoundalotof___________inthesale.A)bargesB)bargainsC)barragesD)barracks3.Theoldmachinewon’t___________properlyifyoudon’toilitregularly.A)affectB)effectC)functionD)practice4.Whatisreallyabnormalsleepinessisnowalmostthenorm. A)uniqueB)regularC)unusualD)odd5.HowsooncanIbe____asamemberoftheschoolfootballteam?A)receivedB)admittedC)allowedD)permitted6.Thedecayoffoodcanusuallybe_________bythesenseofsmell.A)foundB)receivedC)detectedD)protected7.I’mnotparticular____________myclothes;Idon’tmindwhatIwear.A)inB)with C)aboutD)for8.MyhusbandandI______________conflictingopinionsonthismatter.A)makeB).holdC)keepD)take9.Weneedto_________thequalityofourgoodsbutnotincreasetheprice.A)remainB)retainC)stayD)maintain10.Thecrowdstartedto_____________whenthenightfell.A)breakoutB)breakinC).breakoverD)breakup 11.He______________hisarmsinfrontofhimasifhewereprayingtoGod.A)intendedB)extendedC)includedD)excluded12.Thepartyleaderisanextremeleft-winger,buthisdeputyismore____inhisviews.A)modestB)moderateC)monitorD)modern13.Hardly____theclassroomwhentheclassbegan.A)hehadenteredB)heenteredC)hadheenteredD)hewasentered14.Inlearningaforeignlanguage,variousformsofpracticearegood__________. A)disciplinesB)theoriesC)techniquesD)skills15.Reducingunemploymentwillbethemain_____________forthenewgovernment.A)challengeB)struggleC)warD)fighting16.Whyareyoutalkinginsuchastrange_______________?A)meansB)mannerC)matterD)measure17.Somepeoplethinkafastcarisa_________ofpowerandstrength.A)viewB)symbol C)ideaD)sense18.Thisisaprivatediningroomwherememberscould_________groupsoffriends.A)welcomeB)acceptC)entertainD)receive19.Theplan____inthedaysbeforecostsbecamesogreat.A)hadformulatedB)wasformedC)wasformulatedD).hadformed20.ShallI_________youupattheairporttomorrowmorning?A)sendB)pickC)seeD)look 21.Expertssaythatworkonthenewbridgewillcostan________fivemillionpounds.A)aboutB)estimatedC)almostD)nearly22.Theboy’s____________developmentwasveryadvancedforhisage.A)intelligentB)intellectualC)internalD)external23.She_________(up)herforeheadindisgust.A)lookedB).pushedC)pulledD)wrinkled24.Ithinkthatshemustbearelationof____. A)theirsB)themC)theirD)they’s25.Thesoldiershadtoremainattheir___________allnightlong.A)jobsB)workC)postsD)status26.Willyoumeetmewe____werelastnight?A)thereB)whenC)whereD)then27.Please__________surethatthehouseislockedbeforeyouleave.A)makeB)take C)doD)let28.Themanagingdirector’sonly__________washowtoimprovethequalityoftheirproducts.A)concernB)confirmC)concludeD)confess29.Theyoungmanmanaged____fromhisparentswherehewasgoing.A)concealingB)concealedC)toconcealD)havingconcealed30.Theyoungmanmanaged____fromhisparentswherehewasgoing.A)concealingB)concealedC)toconcealD)havingconcealed 31.Please__________surethatthehouseislockedbeforeyouleave.A)makeB)takeC)doD)let32.Empty__________makesthemostsound.A)shipB)vesselC)boatD)yacht33.Wouldyouplease________yourvisitforafewdays,stayafewdayslonger?A)expandB)lengthenC)stretchD)extend34.ThisdistricthaschangedsomuchsinceIwaslastherethatIhardly__________itnow. A).seeB)recognizeC)organizeD)admit35.Theprisonerhasbeendeprived________manyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.A)ofB)atC)byD)on36.Therewasalong___________beforeheansweredthetelephone.A)stopB)breakC)intervalD)occasion37.Insome_________,peoplehavehadtowaittwoweeksforadoctor’sappointment.A)casesB)cases C).momentsD)examples38.Therewasalong___________beforeheansweredthetelephone.A)stopB)breakC)intervalD)occasion39.She_________(up)herforeheadindisgust.A)lookedB)pushedC)pulledD)wrinkled40.TheteachersaidTomis____________averageinhislessons.A).onB)aboveC)overD)up WithAmerica’sMidtermElectionsover,andanewCommander-in-Chiefabouttostep##1##soon,someAmericansarea##2##nervousaboutthenation’sfuture.Butothersfeelsecure,##3##thatthemantheyconsiderthemostpowerfulpersonintheworldisn’t##4##anywhere.Justwhoisthisbehind-the-scenesguythattheythink##5##morepowerthanGeorgeW.Bushever##6##?He’sAlanGreenspan,a##7##experteconomistwhoheadstheFederalReserve,commonly##8##astheFed.Greenspanisa##9##NewYorker.Hisfirstfocuswasmusic:He##10##NewYork’sJulliardSchoolandtouredthecountry##11##ayearintheearly1940s,playingintheHenryJeromeswingband.Ifnothing##12##,friendsbelieve,thisexperienceofUStravelgavehimtheabilitytoconnectdispassionateeconomictheories##13##theindividualstheyaffect.“Themostoutstandingthing##14##himisheknowstheAmericaneconomy…,”##15##friendHerbertStein,aneconomist.Aswing##16##economicscarriedhimstraightinto##17##Republicanpolitics.HeadvisedRichardNixoninhis1968##18##,andservedbrieflyintheBureauoftheBudget.Sevenyearslater,hereturnedtogovernmentservice,replacingMr.Stein##19##chairoftheCouncilofEconomicAdvisersinthefinaldaysoftheNixonpresidency.HeagreedonlyafterbeingassuredthatVicePresidentFordwould##20##him.1.A)overB)acrossC)inD)down2.A)fewB)small C)slightD)little3.A)knowingB)knowsC)knewD)known4.A)walkingB)goingC)movingD)coming5.A)haveB)wasC)hadD)having 6.A)willB)didC)doesD)does7.A)74-years-oldsB)74-year-oldsC)74-year-oldD)74-years-old8.A)notedB)knownC)calledD)named9. A)nurtureB)nationalC)naturalD)native10.A)attendedB)admittedC)adoptedD)adapted11.A)withB)toC)atD)for12.A)additionalB)extra C)elseD)more13.A)withB)ofC)overD)for14.A)ofB)aboutC)forD)on15.A)talksB)speaksC)saysD)tells 16.A)aboveB)overC)intoD)to17.A)modestB)moderateC)modernD)model18.A)cabinetB)debateC)movementD)campaign19. A)toB)forC)asD)at20.A)keepB)retainC)stayD)maintainAmericansocietyisnotnap-friendly.Infact,saysDavidDinges,asleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine,“There’sevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep.”Nobodywantstobecaughtnappingorfoundasleepattheswitch.Toquoteanobscureproverb:“Somesleepfivehours,naturerequiresseven,lazinessnineandwickednesseleven.”Wrong.Thewaynottofallasleepattheswitchistotakenapswhenyouneedthem.“Wehavetototallychangeourattitudetowardnapping,”saysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversity,thegodfatherofsleepresearch.LastyearanationalcommissionledbyDementidentifiedan“Americansleepdebt,”whichonemembersaidwasasimportantasthenationaldebt.Thecommissionwasconcernedaboutthedangersofsleepiness:peoplecausingindustrialaccidentsorfallingasleepwhiledriving.ThismaybewhywehaveanewsleeppolicyintheWhiteHouse.Accordingtorecentreports,PresidentClintonistryingtotakeahalf-hoursnoozeeveryafternoon.About60%ofAmericanadultsnapwhengiventheopportunity.Weseemtohave“amid-afternoonquiescentphase,”alsocalled“asecondarysleepgate.”Sleeping15minutestotwohoursintheearlyafternooncanreducestressandimprovealertness.Clearly,wewereborntonap.WeSuperstarsofSnoozedon’tnaptoreplacelostshut-eyeortoprepareforanightshift.Rather,we“snack”onsleep,whenever,whereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.Callitsomnia.Imyselfhavenappedinbuses,cars,planesandonboats;onfloors,couchesandbeds;andinlibraries,officesandmuseums. Thereisanexquisitepleasureingivingoneselfovertodrowsiness,particularlyifyou’resupposedtobedoingsomethingelse.Andweshouldallnote,nappingisoneofthefewpleasuresleftthatarenotlife-threatening.Thepathologicallyalertliketothinktheygetmoredonethannappers.Wrongagain.WinstonChurchillslepteveryafternoonwhenhewasthewartimePrimeMinisterofEngland.Napoleonnappedonthebattlefield.CalvinCoolidge,LyndonJohnsonandJohnKennedyalltooknaps.IfthereistobeatransformationofAmericansleepbehavior,wenappers,thesleepelite,willhavetoshareour“sleepingskills”withthoselessfortunatethanweare,orthenap-impaired.Forstarters,hereareafewofmyfavoritenaps.Atwork:Napfreedom,tome,isasgreatanincentiveasmoneyorpower.Sleepingatworkissuperblysatisfying,andinsomecasesnecessary.Truckdriversshouldpulloveratthefirstsignofdrowsiness—asshouldanyoneoperatingmachinery,includingawordprocessor.Inclass:Thesenapscanbepleasantbecauseoftheriskinvolved.Ioncesuccumbedtodrowsinessinahigh-schoolFrenchclassandwasawakenedbymyteachersinging,“FrereJackques,FrereJacques,dormezvous?”WilliamDementhasdesignatedsleepingsectionsinhiscoursesatStanford.Ataconcert:Sleeping(discreetly)ataconcertcanbeamonglife’sgreatexperiences.Oneridesthemusic,waftedthiswayandthatonthemesandleitmotifs.Wagnerinparticularpromotesvividdreams.Bestnapofall:Myall-time-favoritewaytosnoozeisinahammockonascreened-inporch,onamildsummerdayand—thisiswhatmakesitperfect—ahuge,importantbookonmychest,openandunread.Suchnappingsaysmuchabouttheprinciplesweliveby—andsleepby.There’sthestorytoldaboutayoungplaywrightwhoonceaskedafamousauthortoviewarehearsalofhisnewplay.Theauthorsleptthroughthewholething.Afterwardtheyoungmancomplained,sayinghereallyhadwantedtheauthor’sopinion.Inapithysummationofthecommittednapper’sviewoflife,theauthorreplied,“Sleepisanopinion.”1.ItiscommonlyacceptedinAmericansocietythattoomuchsleepis________.A)unreasonableB)criminal C)harmfulD)costly2.TheresearchdonebytheCommissionshowsthatAmericans_______.A)don’tliketotakenapsB)areterriblyworriedabouttheirnationaldebtC)sleeplessthanisgoodforthemD)havecausedmanyindustrialandtrafficaccidents3.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto______.A)warnusofthewickednessofnappingB)explainthedangerofsleepinessC)discussthesideeffectsofnappingD)convincethereaderofthenecessityofnapping4.The“Americandebt”istheresultof______.A)thetraditionalmisconceptiontheAmericanshaveaboutsleepB)thenewsleeppolicyofClintonAdministrationC)therapiddevelopmentofAmericanindustryD)theAmerican’sworryaboutthedangerofsleepiness 5.Thesentence“Rather,we‘snack’onsleep,whenever,whereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.”meansthatitis______.A)preferabletohaveasoundsleepbeforeanightshiftB)goodpracticetoeatsomethinglightbeforewegotobedC)essentialtomakeupforlostsleepD)naturaltotakeanapwheneverwefeeltheneedforitTheamountofsleepeachpersonneedsdependsonmanyfactors,includingage.Infantsgenerallyrequireabout16hoursaday,whileteenagersneedabout9hoursonaverage.Formostadults,7to8hoursanightappearstobethebestamountofsleep,althoughsomepeoplemayneedasfewas5hoursorasmanyas10hoursofsleepeachday.Womeninthefirst3monthsofpregnancyoftenneedseveralmorehoursofsleepthanusual.Theamountofsleepapersonneedsalsoincreasesifheorshehadbeendeprivedofsleepinpreviousdays.Gettingtoolittlesleepcreatesa“sleepdebt”,whichismuchlikebeingoverdrawnatabank.Eventually,yourbodywilldemandthatthedebtberepaid.Wedon’tseemtoadapttogettinglesssleepthanweneed;whilewemaygetusedtoasleep-deprivingschedule,ourjudgment,reactiontime,andotherfunctionsarestillimpaired.Peopletendtosleepmorelightlyandforshortertimespansastheygetolder,althoughtheygenerallyneedaboutthesameamountofsleepastheyneededinearlyadulthood.Abouthalfofallpeopleover65havefrequentsleepingproblems,suchasinsomnia,anddeepsleepstagesinmanyelderlypeopleoftenbecomeveryshortorstopcompletely.Thischangemaybeanormalpartofaging,oritmayresultfrommedicalproblemsthatarecommoninelderlypeopleandfromthemedicationsandothertreatmentsforthoseproblems.Expertssaythatifyoufeeldrowsyduringtheday,evenduringboringactivities,youhaven’thadenoughsleep.Ifyouroutinelyfallasleepwithin5minutesoflyingdown,youprobablyhaveseveresleepdeprivation,possiblyevenasleepdisorder.Microsleeps,orverybriefepisodesofsleepinanotherwiseawakeperson,areanothermarkofsleepdeprivation.Inmanycases,peoplearenotawarethattheyareexperiencingmicrosleeps.Thewidespreadpracticeof“burningthecandleatbothends”inwesternindustrializedsocietieshascreatedsomuchsleepdeprivationthatwhatisreallyabnormalsleepinessisnowalmostthenorm.Manystudiesmakeitclearthatsleepdeprivationisdangerous.Sleep-deprivedpeoplewhoaretestedbyusingadrivingsimulator orbyperformingahand-eyecoordinationtaskperformasbadlyasorworsethanthosewhoareintoxicated.Sleepdeprivationalsomagnifiesalcohol’seffectsonthebody,soafatiguedpersonwhodrinkswillbecomemuchmoreimpairedthansomeonewhoiswellrested.Driverfatigueisresponsibleforanestimated100,000motorvehicleaccidentsand1,500deathseachyear,accordingtotheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.Sincedrowsinessisthebrain’slaststepbeforefallingasleep,drivingwhiledrowsycan—andoftendoes—leadtodisaster.Caffeineandotherstimulantscannotovercometheeffectsofseveresleepdeprivation.TheNationalSleepFoundationsaysthatifyouhavetroublekeepingyoureyesfocused,ifyoucan’tstopyawning,orifyoucan’trememberdrivingthelastfewmiles,youareprobablytoodrowsytodrivesafely.6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“sleepdebt”istrueaccordingtothepassage?A)Ifyouoweasleepdebt,youhavetopaybackforit.B)Youwillgetusedtothesleepdebtquicklyandforgetit.C)Sleepdebthasnothingtodowithone’shealth.D)Ifyousleepmoretimethanyouneedinpreviousdays,thenyoucansleeplessthannormalinthefollowingdays.7.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtothemarkofsleepdeprivation?A)Youalwaysstayuplateintheeveningandfeelsleepywhenyoubegintoworkinthenextmorning.B)Youfallasleepveryquicklyevenwhenyouaresittingonachair.C)Youoftengetawakeinthemiddlenightseveraltimes.D)Youhavetotakeanapduringyourworktime. 8.Whichofthefollowingconditionsoftenhappenstotheoldpeopleespeciallypeopleover65yearsold?A)Theyneedmoresleeptimethantheirearlyadulthood.B)Theyseldomgetawakeduringthesleeptimeeventhoughthereisgreatnoise.C)Theyoftenfeelsleepyduringthedaytime.D)Theycannotfallasleepinthemiddlenightandeasilywakeupduringthenight.9.“Burningthecandleatbothends”means.A)“beingcompletelyconsumedandthusnolongeralight”B)“goingtobedlateandgettingupearly”C)“readingorworkinglateintothenight”D)“becomingcompletelyexhaustedthroughoverwork”10.Whichofthefollowingbelongstotheabnormalsleepiness?A)Drowsinessduringtheday.B)Deepsleepatnight.C)Microsleeps.D).BothAandC.Conventionalwisdomsaysit’sthestudentswhogetstraightA’sblowtheroofoftheSAT(ScholasticAptitudeTest)andgotoIvyLeaguecolleges.Ormaybeit’sthechildrenbornintowealthyfamilieswithbrilliantconnections.Neitheristypical,saysThomas J.Stanley,whosurveyed1300millionairesforhisnewbook,TheMillionaireMind.TheaveragemillionairemadeB’sandC’sincollege,Stanleysays.TheiraverageSATscorewas1190—notgoodenoughtogetintomanytop-notchschools.Infact,mostmillionairesweretoldtheywerenotintellectuallygifted,notsmartenoughtosucceed.“IfindnocorrelationbetweenSATscores,gradepointaveragesandeconomicachievement.None.”saidStanley.“Admittedly,therearesomeverybrightpeopleinthedata,butnotmany.”Insteadofrelyingonnaturalgenius,millionaireschoosecareersthatmatchtheirabilities,Stanleysaid.Theymaynothavegreatanalyticintelligence,buttheyarecreativeandpractical.Theyfocusonagoal,takecalculatedrisksandthenworkharderthanmostpeople.It’salessonStanleyhastakentoheart.Theauthor,wholivesinAtlanta,hasgottenrichhimselfbywritingabouttherich.Sohetooktimeofftowritewhathecalls“thehome-runbook.”TheMillionaireNextDoor,writtenwithresearcherWilliamD.DankoofAlbany,N.Y.,waspublishedin1996.IthasbeenonTheNewYorkTimesBestSellerslistformorethan150weeks.InTheMillionaireMind,Stanleystudiedevenrichermillionaires—thetop1%ofhouseholds.Thesepeoplehadanaveragenetworthof$9.2millionandearned$749,000ayear.Andalmostnoneofthemcredittheirsuccesstobeingsmart.Theysaythekeystosuccessarebeinghonestanddisciplined,gettingalongwithpeople,havingasupportivespouseandworkinghard.“Somehowtheyfiguredoutwhattheyweregoodat,”Stanleysaid.“Theyallsaid,I’llbethebestatthis.ThisiswhatIreally,reallylovetodo.”OneofhiscasestudiesisDonaldSonner,the64-year-oldheadofSouthernBloomerManufacturingCo.inBristol,Tenn.Sonner’sonlyeducationwasasingleyearofhighschool,buthewasamillionairebythetimehewas24.How?Hiscompanytakesscrapclothandmakesunderwearforprisonsandgun-cleaningpatches.Hegotrichbyworkinghardandcapitalizingonanideanooneelsehad,Stanleysaid.11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutThomasJ.Stanley?A)HeisthewriterofTheMillionaireMind.B)Hehimselfbecamerichbywritingabouttherich.C)Hehasfoundthatone’sschoolgradesandhiseconomicachievementarecloselyrelated.D)Oneofhisbooks,TheMillionaireNextDoor,hasbeenonthelistofBestSellers. 12.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A)onewhowantstobeamillionairemusthavehighscoresincollege.B)naturalintelligenceisnotsoimportantafactorondecidingwhetherornotapersonisabletobecomeamillionaire.C)achildbornintoarichfamilyislikelytobeamillionaireinthefuture.D)onecanbecomerichbytakingscrapclothandmakingunderwearforprisons.13.Whatarethekeystosuccessaccordingtothepassage?A)honestandhardworking.B)smartandcreativeC)intelligentandwell-educatedD)self-disciplinedandrisk-taking14.Whatkindsofcareersdomillionaireschoose?A)Theychoosetheonesthatarewell-paid.B)Theychoosetheonesthatthey’recapableofdoing.C)Theychoosecareersaccordingtotheirnaturalgenius.D)Theychoosetheonesthatsupplythemwithroomfortheirindividualism.15.Inthesentence“It’salessonStanleyhastakentoheart”,“It”refersto. A)Hehimselfhasgottenrichbywritingabouttherich.B)Millionairesmaynothavegreatanalyticintelligence.C)Booksaboutmillionaireswillbeverypopularwithreaders.D)Whathehasfoundaboutmillionairesinhissurvey.Britainhaslawstomakesurethatwomenhavethesameopportunitiesasmenineducation,jobsandtraining.Butit’sstillunusualtofindwomendoingdirtyorheavyjobs.NikkiHenriquesisacarmaintenanceengineerinLondon.Sheusedtobeasecretary.BartyPhillips,ajournalistwithTheObserver,aSundaynewspaper,askedherwhyshewantedtoworkwithcars.“Myfirstreasonwasindependence,”shesaid.“Ialsowantedtousemyhands,andIlikelearningabouthowthingswork.Manypeopleprefertohaveawomanrepairtheircars,too.”Nikkididn’tfinditeasytobecomeacarmaintenanceengineer.ShewenttoaGovernmentSkillCentre—aspecialsortofcollegewherepeoplecanlearnanewjob—fortwentyweeks.“FortenweeksIwastheonlywomanamongfourhundredmen,andsomeofthemwererudetome,justbecauseofmysex.Itwasalsoverytiring—from8inthemorningto5atnight,withonly30minutesforlunch.”NowNikkiworksfree-lance—thatis,she’sself-employed,workingforherselfandnotforagarageoracompany.BartyPhillipsalsospoketoRose,whoworksasageneralbuilderinSheffield,anindustrialtowninthenorthofEngland.LikeNikki,Roseusedtobeasecretary.“Ididn’tenjoyitatall,”shesaid.“Iwantedtodomorepracticalwork,andIwantedtobeself-employed.”Rosejoinedawomen’sbuildingco-operative,andshelearntherjobfromotherpeopleandfromexperience.However,manyofthewomeninhergrouphavebeenspeciallytrained.Mostofthejobstheydoareimprovementstobuildingsandgeneralrepairs.“Peopleoftensay,‘Oh,womenaren’tstrongenough,’butIdon’tthinkstrengthisimportant,”saidRose.“Theimportantthingistogetusedtodoingadifferentsortofwork.”Rosewouldlikemorewomentocomeintothebuildingindustry.“Everythingbuiltatthemomentisaproductofman’sworld.Ifwomenbecomebuilders,theywillbeabletounderstandtheproductionoftheirhousesandtheirtowns.”16.TherearelawsinBritaintohelpwomen_____. A)gethigherpaythanmenB)enjoymorefreedomthanmenC)dowhatevertheyliketodoD)haveequalchanceswithmenineducationandwork17.Theworkof______isconsidereddirtyorheavy.A)anewspaperjournalistB)acarmaintenanceengineerC)acompanymanagerD)anofficesecretary18.Thejobofacarmaintenanceengineeristo_________.A)manufacturecarsB)sellcarsC)keepcarsforothersD)repaircars19.ThemostimportantreasonforNikkitobeacarmaintenanceengineeristhat______.A)shewantstobeindependentB)shehastomakeherownliving C)shelikestouseherhandsD)shewantstogetthesamepayasmen20.Rose,whoworksasageneralbuilder,______.A)believeswomenareasstrongasmenB)admitswomenaremuchweakerthanmenC)wantsmorewomentobecomebuildersD)thinkswomencanlearnmorefrompracticalwork