A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Beethovenwasoneofthegreatestmusicians(音乐家)andleftusalargenumberofworks.2．Thewriterofthisbookcriticizedsomepoliticalissuesinahumorous(幽默的)way.3．Tomputhisheartintothewildliferesearch,andfinallyhiseffortsearned(赢得)himgreatsuccessandfame.4．Thegirlstudentisverysensitive(敏感的)towhatothersthinkofherandeasilyannoyedbycomments,whethertheyarepraiseorcriticism.5．Shortlyafterwards,Darsonreceivedaninvitation(邀请)tospeakabouthisresearchatanationalconference.6．Whenthefirebrokeout,manypassersby(过路人)volunteeredtoputitout.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·天津卷7月)Thedancer'sincredibleperformance(perform)hadtheaudienceonitsfeetclappingfor10minutesattheendoftheshow.2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Theylooksoattractive(attract)andalivethatIthinkyoucouldbeinterestedintheexhibition.3．Youarelikelytosucceedwhenyouhaveworkedwithgreatdevotion(devote)andperseverance.4．Theysaidgoodbyetothevillagers,withtearsrolling(roll)downtheircheeks.5．Afterthenewswas_broadcast(broadcast)thatourspaceshipreturnedtotheearthsafely,weallcheeredwithgreatjoy.6．ThejourneytoMountQomolangmamaybeadifficult,painful(pain)processbutcertainlyworththeeffort.7．Relying(rely)toomuchonyourparentsinyourchildhoodwillmakeyouunabletobeindependentwhenyougrowup.8．Witharecentphotographattached(attach)tohisapplicationform,hesenthisformtothecompany.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式),1．Astourismgrowsincreasinglypopular，Chinesearebecomingparticularlysensitivetoimproperbehavior.2．Heisalwayswillingtohelpothers,soeveryonehereisfamiliarwithhim.3．Thenaughtyboypretendedto_be_reading(read)aloudinthestudywhenheheardhisfatheropenthedoor.4．Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswordstowhichpeopleattachpositivemeanings.5．I'mgratefultomyEnglishteacher,withoutwhosehelpIcouldn'thavemadegreatprogress.6．Davidisconfidentabouthisfuture,hoping(hope)tofindawellpaidjobinShanghai.7．Theteamclimbedtothetopofthemountain,fromwheretheycouldgetabetterviewofthewholetown.8．Hisconditionwassoseriousthathecouldn'tbreathewithoutthespecialmachine.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Chinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetodrinkalcoholonimportantoccasions，especiallywhentheirbestfriendsmeet.TakingLinBin'sweddingceremonyforexample.About40peopletookpart，mostofthemwerehisfamilymembersandrelatives.Theyplayedjokesandtricksofthenewcouplebeforetheygotdrunk.答案：第一句：drink→drinking；第二句：Taking→Take；第三句：them→whom；第四句：of→on2．Heisreallyconsideringdevotinghimselftoeducatethesechildrenofthepoormountainvillage.答案：educate→educating3．Itissaidthathewillgiveperformanceinourcitynextmonth.答案：在performance前加a4．Theirmarriagehasbeenbrokenupsincetheincidentcameabout.,答案：删掉been5．Theinterview，broadcastingliveacrossthenationtheotherday,attractedalargenumberofviewers.答案：broadcasting→broadcastⅤ.完成句子/句型转换1．说实在的，郑和——明代的一位探险家——是我在中国历史上最喜爱的人物。To_be_honest,_ZhengHe,anexplorerinMingDynasty,is_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history．2．因此，当我坐在教室做试卷时，感到精力旺盛，信心十足。Sowhilesittingintheclassroomanddoingmypapers,Iwas_full_of_energy_and_felt_confident．3．(全国卷Ⅰ)Besides,inordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTangDynastybeforeclass.→In_addition,_inordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTangDynastybeforeclass.4．Ourparentsbelievedthateducationwasveryimportant,andtheymanagedtosendustothebestschool.→Ourparentsattached_great_importance_to_education,_andtheymanagedtosendustothebestschool.B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·浙江三市联考)Wespendagreatamountoftimelisteningtomusic.Mostcollegestudentslistentomusicatleastthreeorfourtimesaweek，andmorethan50percentofthemgotoatleastoneconcertperyear.Accordingtonewresearch,wemaybebornlikingmusic，becausehumanbeingsareborntofindcertain_combinations_of_soundsattractive.Forexample,young,childrencanrecognizeafamiliarsongevenwhenitskeyischanged.Similarly,theyrespondwithmoreemotionstotheirmothers'singingthantotheirmothers'speech.Carefulanalysisofmothers'childdirectedsongsindicatesthateachmother'ssongsremainstablefromone“performance”tothenext,andthismayencouragechildren'sengagementwiththesongs.Researchwithadultssuggeststhatmusiccatchesourattentionbyactivating(激活)brainpathwaysthataremostsuitedtoprocessingmusicthantoprocessingotherkindsofsound.Specifically,musicappreciationreliesontheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)ontherightsideofthebrain,whichisspecializedtoprocesssoundthatcharacterizesmusic—incontrasttotheleftauditorycortex,whichprocessesthestopandstartburstsofsoundthatcharacterizespeech.Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking,anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.Furthermore,itisclearthatmusiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions.Personallysignificantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward,thesameareasthatareactivatedbysexandgoodfood.Researchersdonotagreeabouthowhumans'abilitiestoprocessandenjoymusichavecomeintobeing.Anyway,thenexttimeyouenjoylisteningtoapieceofmusic,rememberthatthemostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentaretheonesbetweenyourheadphones.1．Whichofthefollowingmightbelongtothe“certaincombinationsofsounds”inparagraph2?A．Asong.B．Adebate.C．Aquarrel.D．Adialogue.2．Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that________．A．nodoubtmusiccanincreasepeople'sthinkingabilityB．musicsimplygivespeoplepositiveemotionsC．onlymusiccangivepeoplepurepleasureandrewardD．musichasagreatinfluenceonhumanbeings3．Accordingtothepassage,themostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentlie________．,A．atacollegeB．inaconcertC．inthebrainD．intheheadphone【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了音乐对人有着非常积极的作用。1．A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“wemaybebornlikingmusic，becausehumanbeingsareborntofindcertaincombinationsofsoundsattractive”可知，此处提到的certaincombinationsofsounds应该与上文的music有关，属于音乐范畴，故推断答案为A项。debate(辩论)，quarrel(争吵)，dialogue(对话)都不属于音乐范畴，故排除。2．D　解析：细节理解题。第四段中的“listeningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities”“musiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions”“significantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward”都说明了音乐对人的影响巨大，故答案为D项。3．C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“rememberthatthemostcomplexpiecesofaudioequipmentaretheonesbetweenyourheadphones”可知，两只耳机间的东西是最复杂的声音设备，而两只耳机间的正是人的大脑。故答案为C项。【难句分析】　Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking，anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.分析：这是一个复合句。anumberofstudieshaveshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities是主句，而该主句中又包含thatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities宾语从句。Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking是让步状语从句，而whethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking又是该状语从句中about后的宾语从句。译文：尽管一些心理学家仍然对音乐是否会对我们的思维产生强大的影响持怀疑态度，但一些研究表明，听音乐可以提高人们的空间推理能力。,BPicturealecturesessionatabusinessschoolandyouprobablyimaginestudentsgazingatscreensfilledwithequations(方程式)．WhatyoumightnotexpectisstudentsattemptingtosingOClapYourHands.ButBartlebywastreatedtothis_delightonavisittoSaïdBusinessSchoolinOxfordearlierthisyear.Therewasacatch.Someofthestudentshadtotryconductingthechorus.Thefirsttotakethechallengewasaratherselfconfidentyoungman.Itdidn'ttakelongforhimtogowrong.Hismostobviousmistakewastostartconductingwithoutaskingthesingershowtheywouldliketobedirected,thoughtheyhadtheexpertiseandhewasacompletebeginner.Thesession,organizedbyPegramHarrison,aseniorfellowinentrepreneurship(创业学),cleverlyallowedthestudentstoabsorbsomeimportantleadershiplessons.Forexample,leadersshouldlistentotheirteams,especiallywhentheircolleagueshavespecialistknowledge.Otherbusinessschoolshavealsorealizedthattheirstudentscanlearnfromthearts.AtCarnegieMellonUniversity,LeanneMeyerhasintroducedaleadershiptrainingprogrammethatincludespoetryandabookclub.Shebelievedthatinvolvementinsuchpursuitscanhelpdevelopempathy(同理心)infutureleadersandthattheprogrammebenefitsstudentsintermsofhowtheypromotethemselvestorecruiters(招聘人员)．TheRoyalAcademyofDramaticArt(RADA)hastrainedmanygreatdramatists.Italsoofferstrainingcoursesformanagers.“Actingisaboutfindingthetruthinthecharacterandinyourself，”saysWalkerWise,oneofRADA'stutors.Beingamanagerinvolvesalotmorethanjustsettingtargets.Itrequiresempathyandaknowledgeofhumannature.Aneducationintheartsmighthelpdevelopthosequalities.Aboveall,thestudentsonHarrison'scoursewereexperiencingsomethingBartlebyneverexpectedtoseeinthoseattendinganMBAlecture—theywerehavingfun.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过在牛津大学赛德商学院进行的指挥合唱表演的尝试，人们意识到商学院的学生可以从艺术中学到许多东西，即艺术教育可能有助于培养未来管理人员的同理心和对人性的了解。4．Whatdoes“thisdelight”inparagraph1referto?A．Singinginabusinessclass.B．VisitingSaïdBusinessSchool.,C．Picturingalecturesession.D．Gazingascreensfullofequations.A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“WhatyoumightnotexpectisstudentsattemptingtosingOClapYourHands.ButBartlebywastreatedtothis_delightonavisittoSaïdBusinessSchoolinOxfordearlierthisyear.(你可能想不到的是学生们会唱《拍手吧》。但今年早些时候，巴特比在访问牛津大学的赛德商学院时，却受到了这样的款待。)”可知，前句“想不到学生们会唱《拍手吧》”，用一个转折连词but来说明，巴特比在访问商学院时却受到的款待，即学生在商务课上唱歌。故选A。5．WhichofthefallowingbestdescribesthesessionbyPegramHarrison?A．Commonandinfluential.B．Educationalandeffortless.C．Challengingandinstructive.D．Controversialandpractical.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这次会议由创业学高级研究员佩格拉姆·哈里森组织，他巧妙地让学生们学习了一些重要的领导技能的课程。例如，领导者应该倾听团队的意见，特别是当他们的同事有专业知识时。由此可推断出，这次会议有指导性(instructive)。根据最后一段中的“Aneducationintheartsmighthelpdevelopthosequalities.Aboveall,thestudentsonHarrison'scourse...(艺术教育可能有助于培养这些品质。最重要的是，参加哈里森课程的学生们正在经历着巴特比从未料到的事情……)”可知，课程具有挑战性(challenging)。故选C。6．Whatshouldaleaderdobasedontheconductingexperience?A．Offerpromotionopportunities.B．Valueteammembers'opinion.C．Setspecifictargets.D．Controleverystep.,B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hismostobviousmistakewastostartconductingwithoutaskingthesingershowtheywouldliketobedirected,thoughtheyhadtheexpertiseandhewasacompletebeginner.(他最明显的错误是，在开始指挥时没有询问歌手他们希望如何被指挥，尽管他们有专业知识，而他是一个完全的新手。)”和第三段中的“cleverlyallowedthestudentstoabsorbsomeimportantleadershiplessons.Forexample,leadersshouldlistentotheirteams,especiallywhentheircolleagueshavespecialistknowledge(巧妙地让学生们学习一些重要的领导技能的课程。例如，领导者应该倾听团队的意见，尤其是当他们的同事有专业知识的时候)”可推断出，领导者应当重视团队成员的意见。故选B。7．Howdoesactingcontributetobeingamanager?A．Itprovidesentertainment.B．Itdevelopsgoalsettingskills.C．Itexposesthetruthinbusiness.D．Ithelpsunderstandhumannature.D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Italsoofferstrainingcoursesformanagers.‘Actingisaboutfindingthetruthinthecharacterandinyourself，’saysWalkerWise,oneofRADA'stutors.Beingamanagerinvolvesalotmorethanjustsettingtargets.Itrequiresempathyandaknowledgeofhumannature.(皇家戏剧艺术学院还为管理人员提供培训课程。该学院的一位导师沃克·怀斯说：‘表演就是在角色和自己身上找寻真相’。作为一名管理者，不仅仅是设定目标，它需要同理心和对人性的了解。)”可推知，作为一为管理人员，表演有助于理解人性。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·惠州高三第一次调研)Howdoyouwakeupinthemorning?Ifyousetanalarmonyourphoneorclockthatsoundslikethis：beepbeepbeep,thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshakeoffthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess(昏昏沉沉).1.________？Arecentstudysaysyes.Theansweris,music.Researcherssayalarmsthathaveamelodycanhelppeoplefeelfresherinthemorning.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.2.________．Sleepinertia(惯性)isanothertermforgrogginess.3.________，andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.Peopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia'sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.Thegrogginesswemayfeelinthemorningusuallylastsforupto30minutes,butsomemaylastfromtwotofourhours.Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.4.________，especiallywhentheyperformdutiesthatrequireatopperformancewithinthisperiodorforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake.So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup？5.________．A．PossiblythedifferenttonesinitB．Simplythesinglesoundof“beeping”C．So,isthereabetterwaytowakeupD．So,whatisabetterwaytowakeupE．Butforthosewhodo,careshouldbetakenF．ItmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingupG．Theyalsoexpressedhowtheyfeelaboutthatsoundandhowtheyfeelwhentheywakeup【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，更容易让人早上感到清醒的不是手机设置的令人讨厌的“嘟嘟”声，而是美妙的音乐声。1．C　解析：考查上下文衔接。根据下文“Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.”以及空后的问号可知，空处为一问句且为一般疑问句，内容承接上文提及的手机嘟嘟声难以让人甩掉早上昏昏沉沉的感觉的内容，故此处问的是有没有更好的叫醒方式，故C项正确。2．G　解析：考查上下文衔接。由前一句“Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.”可知，参加研究者回答了关于他们想要醒来时伴随的铃声的问题。据此可以判断，与该句中的sound呼应，,空处应说明他们还表达了自己对这种声音的感受以及醒来后的感受。故G项正确。3．F　解析：考查上下文衔接。根据该句后半句“andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping”并结合语境可推知，此处应是解释什么是grogginess(昏昏沉沉)，故F项“它意味着在醒来时，人们会有沉重的感觉”与此处匹配。4．E　解析：考查上下文衔接。上文提到不是所有人都会经历整个影响过程，结合下文可推断，空处讲述经历该过程的人应该如何应对。下文中的forpeople和E项中的forthose相呼应，故E项正确。5．A　解析：考查上下文衔接。根据空前的问句“So，whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup？”可知，空处应是回答该问题；结合上文和常识可知，音乐闹钟更适合唤醒可能是因为它有不同的音调，故选A。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·日照高三第一次校际联合考试)AcrossnorthernAfrica,thedesertissteadilygrowing.Drylandsarespreading.ButaboldprojectknownastheGreatGreenWallaimstostopthe1.____________(grow)ofthedesert.Theambitiousprogramincludesplans2.____________(help)protectandmaintainresourcesandfightpoverty.Farmersarelearningtocarefortheirlandandusewater3.____________(wise)．Theyarealsoplantingmillionsoftreesandcrops.TheGreatGreenWallwouldcover4.____________areamorethan4，000mileswide—fromSenegalinthewesttoDjiboutiintheeast.TheGreatGreenWall5.____________(approve)bytheAfricanUnionin2007.TheprogramreceivessupportfromtheUnitedNations,theWorldBank,andothergroups.TheGreatGreenWall'streesprovideabarrier6.____________desertwindsandhelpholdmoisture(水分)intheairandsoil,7.____________(allow)cropstogrow.Intime,therichersoilwillprovidemorelandforanimalstograzeon.Moreresourceswillbringmorejobs.“Thegoalistocreatesustainablelandmanagement，”saidNoraBerrahmouni,aforestryofficer8.____________workswiththeU．N.FoodandAgricultureOrganization.,TreesandcropshavebeenplantedinSenegalandNiger.An9.____________(add)benefitoftheGreatGreenWallisthatcountriesintheregionaresharinginformationaboutwhichprogramsworkandwhichdon't.Now,alongwithtrees，10.____________(idea)aretakingroot.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。北非沙漠化逐年严重。为了阻止沙漠化进一步恶化，一个名为非洲绿色长城的计划开始启动。本文介绍了此计划的相关内容。1．growth　解析：考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处为名词，被定冠词the和介词短语ofthedesert修饰，所以填growth。2．tohelp　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词形式，又根据语境可知，此处应用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，所以填tohelp。3．wisely　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式，修饰动词use，作状语，所以填wisely。4．an　解析：考查冠词。area此处作“地区，地域”讲为可数名词，在文中第一次出现，表泛指，又area的发音以元音音素开头，所以填不定冠词an。5．wasapproved　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应为句子的谓语，且和句子主语TheGreatGreenWall构成被动关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语in2007可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语为单数，所以填wasapproved。6．against　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表达“防，抗”的含义，所以填against。7．allowing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语动词，和句子主语TheGreatGreenwall'strees构成逻辑上的主谓关系，,故用现在分词形式allowing。8．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰指人的先行词aforestryofficer，所以填who/that。9．added　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词benefit，所以填形容词added，意为“额外的”。10．ideas　解析：考查名词单复数。此处idea为可数名词，在句子中作主语，且和谓语动词的复数形式are呼应，应用名词复数形式，所以填ideas。