A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Bernardfeltgrateful(感激的)toallofthemforwhattheyhaddoneforhim.2．Theimportantthingistotrynottoletacalm(平静的)discussionintoaheatedargument.3．Iusedtodislike(不喜欢)sportsactivities.ThereforeIoftensufferedfromacoldandbehavedpoorlyinschool.4．Teenagers(青少年)aredamagingtheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.5．SinceLiMingsettled(定居)here,hehasgotalongwellwithhisneighbours.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It'shardtotellexactly(exact)howmanypeopleagreewithhim.2．(2020·浙江卷7月)ThelastthingIsawwasDon'sface，lookingcalmly(calm)backatme.3．(2019·天津卷)Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdusty(dust)oldobjectsandeventslongpast.4．Concerned(concern)aboutthestudent,theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.5．Ignoring(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.6．Eventhoughworkerssometimesdisagreed(agree)witheachother,theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.2．(2019·天津卷)Adog'seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisproperlyestablished.3．Itisthefirsttimethatthestudentshave_won(win)thefirstprizeinsuchabigcompetition.,4．Therewasonceatimewhen_womenhadnorighttovote.5．It'snopleasurestaying(stay)athomedoinghomeworkalldaylong.6．Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotroublefinding(find)thewaytoHistoryMuseum.7．Iknowyouhaveaverybusyschedule，butI'dbeverygratefulifyoucouldtakesometimetogothroughmycompositionandmakenecessarychanges.8．Whileenjoying(enjoy)themeal,sometalentedstudentsgaveawonderfulfolkdanceperformance,makingtheelderlyveryhappy.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Tobehonest,therewasatimethatmylittlesondislikedgoingtoschoolbecausehedidn'tgetoverwellwithhisclassmates.Whenquestioningaboutthereason,hesaidthattheyhadquarreledagooddealwhileplayedfootball.答案：第一句：that→when;over→along/on；第二句：questioning→questioned;played→playing2．ItwasthefirsttimewhenIhadhadaserioustalkwithmyson.Havingbeenrealizedthathehaddonewrong,hedecidedtomakeanapologizetohisdeskmate.Itwasnotlongaftertheybecamegoodfriendsagain.答案：第一句：when→that;第二句：删除been;apologize→apology;第三句：after→before3．ThankstoMary'sgeneroushelp,IhavenotroublelearnEnglishgrammar.Besides,IamverygratefultoAnnaforgivingmetheopportunitytojoinintheclub.答案：第一句：learn→learning;第二句：删除inⅤ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1．如果你们两个人要同住一间房，你们最好学会如何融洽相处。Ifyoutwoaregoingtosharearoom,you'dbetterlearnhow_to_get_along_well_with_each_other．2．然而，在我看来，我们沉迷于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们可能会忽略生活中其他重要的事情，如友谊和体育锻炼。However,as_far_as_I'm_concerned,_itisnotwiseforustobeaddictedtoplayingsmartphonesbecausewemayignore_other_important_things_in_life,_suchas,friendshipandtakingphysicalexercise.3．Youwillreturntoyourcountrysoonandthatmakesmesad.→Youwillreturntoyourcountrysoon,which_makes_me_upset.(定语从句)→(2019·浙江卷6月满分作文)What_upsets_me_is_thatyouwillreturntoyourcountrysoon.(what引导的主语从句)4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Irealizedthefamoussaying“Nopains,nogains”throughthisfruitpickingexperience.→It_was_through_this_fruitpicking_experience_thatIrealizedthefamoussaying“Nopains,nogains”．(强调句型)5．如果在你方便时能给我提供如何解决这个问题的建议我将感激不尽。①I_would_be_very_grateful_ifyoucouldgivemesometipsonhowtosolvetheproblematyourconvenience.(grateful)②I'd_appreciate_it_ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheproblematyourconvenience.(appreciate)B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·太原高三年级模拟试题一)Isentamessagetomysisterat12：30p．m.duringmylunchtoaskheraboutmyfather'sprogress.Hewashavinghissecondkneesurgeryandmyexpectationswerethesameastheprevioussuccessfulsurgery.Mybrotherpickedmeupfromschoolandweheadedforthehospital.Whenwearrivedatthehospital，myfirstquestionwas“Howishedoing？”Myfatherwasconnectedtoabreathingmachineandhisfacewasveryswollen.ItriedmybestnottocrybecauseIwassupposedtointerpretforhimwhatwashappeningasthe,nursesdidnotspeakSpanish.Ihadneverseenmyfatherthisway.HelookedsofragileanddifferentfromthestrongmanIknew.Iaskedhimhowhewasfeelingandhesaidhewasfine.IreturnedtothelobbyandIwasinastatewhereIrealizedthatmyhero，bestfriend，andlovedoneinlifewasinadangerousstateandatthatpointanythingcouldhappen.IrecalledwhathappenedwhenIwasachild.“I'mgoingtothestore”wasalwayshiswords，andthatwaswithoutdoubtmycuetofollowhim.Wewouldwalktothecar，andsometimesifIwaslucky，Igotawaywithsittinginthefrontseat.Wewouldarriveatthestoreandhealwayssaid“GetwhateveryouwantandsomethingforAna”；Anaismysister.MydadandIwerebestfriends.Henevershowedpreferencewithhischildren，butIjustalwayshappenedtofollowhim.ItwasokayformetocrywhenIwantedsomethingbecauseIwashisyoungestgirl，hecouldn'tsaynotome.Allalongmyfatherhaddedicatedhislifetogivingusthebest.Growingupdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatonemustdistanceoneselffromhisparentsbecauseitischildish；itistimetotakeactionandembracethefeelingsbecauseitistherightthingtodo.Lifepresentsuswithsignalstoacknowledgeandvaluewhatisthemostimportantinlife.1．Howwastheauthor'sfatherwhenshearrivedatthehospital?A．Hewasdangerouslyweak.B．Hewasworriedabouthislife.C．Heremainedhealthyandstrong.D．Hewasunconsciousandcouldn'tspeak.2．Howdidtheauthorfeelafterknowingherfather'ssituation?A．Sympathetic.B．Worried.C．Optimistic.D．Indifferent.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'schildhood?A．Shenevertooknoforananswer.B．Shewasherfather'sfavoritechild.C．Shefollowedherfatheralotasayounggirl.D．Shegotawayfromherfamilyatanearlyage.4．Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveattheendofthetext?,A．Valueyourlovedonesandbeclosetothem.B．Growupandshareyourparents'responsibility.C．Careaboutyourparents'healthbeforeit'stoolate.D．Distanceyourselffromyourfamilyandbeindependent.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲进行了第二次膝盖手术，她在医院里看到虚弱的父亲已不再是印象中那个强壮的人，于是意识到自己人生中的英雄、最好的朋友以及最爱的人正处于危险的境地，在那个时刻任何事都有可能发生。然后作者回想起小时候父亲陪伴自己成长的点点滴滴，并深刻地认识到：长大成人不一定意味着要疏远父母，而是要珍视和他们之间的感情。1．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，特别是“HelookedsofragileanddifferentfromthestrongmanIknew.”和尾句“Ireturnedtothelobby...atthatpointanythingcouldhappen.”可知，当作者赶到医院时，她的父亲很虚弱，正处于危险的状态，故A项正确。2．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Itriedmybestnottocry”和第二段尾句可知，作者知道父亲的状况后，应是感到很担心，故B项正确。3．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“MydadandIwerebestfriends.Henevershowedpreferencewithhischildren，butIjustalwayshappenedtofollowhim.”可知，作者小时候经常跟随父亲，故C项正确。4．A　解析：推理判断题。根据本文尾段中的“Growingupdoesnot...valuewhatisthemostimportantinlife.”可推知，作者建议我们应当珍视所爱之人，与他们保持亲密的关系，故A项正确。B(2021·德州高三模拟)Havinghundredsoffriendsonlineisnosubstitutefora,handfulofclosefriendsinreallife.Researchersdiscoveredthatpeoplewithonlyafewfriendswereatleastashappyasthosewithfarmoreifmanyoftheirswereonline.Thenumberof“peripheralothers”，someoneconnectedwithonline—formerclassmatesandcoworkers,forexample—hadnoconnectionwithhowsatisfiedtheyfelt.Scientistsdidtheirstudyusingdatafromtwoonlinesurveysconductedon1，496peoplebyanonprofitresearchorganization.Peopletakingpartinthestudyrevealedtheirages,themakeupoftheirsocialnetworks,howoftentheyhaddifferenttypesofsocialinteractionsandtheirownfeelingsofwellbeing.Theyincludeddetailsofhowoftenandhowtheyinteractedwithfamilyorneighbors,andwhethertheyincludedpeoplewhoprovidedservicesforthemintheirnetworks.Thenumberofclosefriendssomeonehadwastheonlythingthatinfluencedhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallife.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends，”saidDr.Bruine,anexpertofthestudy.“Ifyoufeellonely,itmaybemorehelpfultomakeapositiveconnectionwithafriendthantotryandseekoutnewpeopletomeet.”Inthestudy,theyfoundolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialnetworks.Youngerpeople'swerelargerbuttheyweremostlymadeupof“peripheralothers”—nottruefriends,justpeopletheyknew—anddidnotcontributetotheirhappiness.Evenvariationsinthenumberoffamilymembersorneighborssomebodyspenttimewithdidnotaffecthowhappytheywerewiththeirsociallife.Dr.Bruinesaidherresearchechoedotherfindingsshowingpeoplewouldbehappierifalargerproportionoftheironlinefriendswereactuallytheirfriendsinreality.Sheadded,“Stereotypesofagingtendtopaintolderadultsinmanyculturesassadandlonely.Buttheresearchshowsthatolderadults'smallernetworksdidn'tweakensocialsatisfactionandwellbeing.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportbetterwellbeingthanyoungeradults.”5．Whathasagoodinfluenceonone'shappinessaccordingtothestudy?A．Havingimpersonalnetworksoffriends.B．Meetingclosefriendsfacetoface.C．Helpingfamiliarcoworkers.,D．Keepingintouchwithfamilymembersonline.6．Whatdidthe1，496peopletakingpartinthestudyhavetodo?A．KeepoffusingtheInternet.B．Showtheirattitudestohappiness.C．Revealtheirsociallifethoroughly.D．Find“peripheralothers”fromtheirfriends.7．Whoismorelikelytobeattackedbylonelinessaccordingtothestudy?A．Parentslivingwiththeirchildren.B．Olderadultswithfewerfriendsonline.C．Thosehavingfewerrelativesorneighbors.D．Youngpeoplewithoutfriendsinreality.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paint”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Treat.B．Draw.C．Describe.D．Criticize.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，该研究发现在现实生活中拥有朋友比在网上拥有虚拟朋友能拥有更多的幸福感。而且与人们以往的成见不同的是，拥有少数真实朋友的老年人比拥有大量网上虚拟朋友的年轻人更有幸福感。5．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，有的人虽然朋友少，但比起那些朋友多但大多数通过网络来联系(如他们的前同学和前同事)的人而言，前者起码和后者一样快乐。由此可知，和亲密朋友在现实中接触会让人更幸福，故选B项。6．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，参与这项研究的人透露了他们的年龄、社交网络的构成、进行不同类型社交互动的频率以及他们自己的幸福感。其中包括他们与家人或邻居互动的频率和方式，以及他们的社交网络中是否包括为他们提供服务的人。由此可知，参与研究的1496个人需要详尽地提供关于他们社交生活的信息。故选C项。,7．D　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究发现老年人社交范围小，但大都是现实中的朋友；年轻人社交对象多，但虚拟世界中的朋友并没有为他们带来更多的幸福感。因此现实中没有朋友的年轻人更容易遭到孤独感的侵袭，故选D项。8．C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的assadandlonely可推知，画线词所在句表示，在许多文化中，对变老的刻板印象往往会把老年人描述为悲伤和孤独的人。故选C项。describe...as...意为“把……描述为……”。【难句分析】　Researchersdiscoveredthatpeoplewithonlyafewfriendswereatleastashappyasthosewithfarmoreifmanyoftheirswereonline.分析：这是一个主从复合句。本句主干为Researchersdiscovered；that引导宾语从句作discovered的宾语；在宾语从句中，people是主语，从句的主干是peoplewereashappyasthose；其中，withonlyafewfriends和withfarmore是介词短语作后置定语，分别修饰people和those；ifmanyoftheirswereonline为if引导的条件状语从句。译文：研究人员发现，只有几个朋友的人和那些有更多朋友(如果很多都是网友)的人相比，前者起码和后者一样快乐。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·湖南四校高三调研)Whenhewas15,OwenLimagotbehindthewheelofacar.Soonafter,herolledthecarand__1__aseriousheadinjury.Whenhefinallywoke,hediscoveredthattheinjuryhadbrought__2__tohisbrain,whichhehascontinuedto__3__forthepast40years.Lima'sconditionhasmadeitdifficultforhimto__4__others,especiallywhentheyspeakquickly,andmakeshim__5__likelytobeaffectedbyanxietyattacks.Therefore,Limais__6__byBlue,aservicedogthathelpskeephim__7__．OneofthebiggestproblemsLimahasfacedisfinding__8__．Foryears,hehas__9__tofindasteadyjob.Hehasgonetofindjobswithhisdogbuthasalwaysbeentreated__10__orgivenunfairwages,makinghimfeellikea(n)__11__citizen.Lima's__12__finallyturnedwhenheandBlue__13__ajobataLowe'shomeimprovementstoreinCanada.When__14__whatthedogwasfor,Limatalkedaboutthe,wholestory.Thestoremanager__15__togivehimachanceofsuccess.Now,LimaandBlueboth__16__inthestore.Duringthestore'sgrandopening,thepairwerethereto__17__newcustomerswhenthedoorsopened.Bluehasevenbeendressedinhisowncustommadevestto__18__otheremployees'uniforms.Limasaysheis__19__tohisnewemployer,bothforthechancetoworkandforlettingBlue__20__.1．A.witnessedB．riskedC．sufferedD．escaped2．A.damageB．inconvenienceC．benefitD．comfort3．A.competeagainstB．liveonC．lookafterD．dealwith4．A.understandB．rememberC．serveD．notice5．A.hardlyB．equallyC．onlyD．highly6．A.inspiredB．accompaniedC．observedD．trained7．A.calmB．proudC．quietD．clever8．A.shelterB．treatmentC．friendshipD．employment9．A.struggledB．preparedC．waitedD．promised10．A.seriouslyB．poorlyC．kindlyD．normally11．A.illeducatedB．strangelookingC．secondclassD．middleincome12．A.attitudeB．dreamC．natureD．luck13．A.dependedonB．appliedfor,C．stucktoD．thoughtof14．A.toldB．taughtC．askedD．shown15．A.decidedB．pretendedC．continuedD．failed16．A.restB．workC．exploreD．wander17．A.praiseB．inviteC．greetD．interview18．A.replaceB．challengeC．changeD．match19．A.generousB．helpfulC．gratefulD．accessible20．A.breakinB．comealongC．turnupD．moveoff【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。15岁的欧文·利马在经历车祸后大脑受损，这使其在别人说话快时很难理解对方，这种情况已经困扰了他四十年。于是，他找了一条名为Blue的服务犬来陪伴自己，从而缓解自己的焦虑。然而，他面临的最大困难之一是找工作。在经历多次的求职不公后，他有幸遇到了现在的老板，在现在的工作地点他可以带着Blue来上班。他为此感激不尽。1．C　解析：考查语境推断。根据本句中的“aseriousheadinjury”和上一句中的“OwenLimagotbehindthewheelofacar”可推知，欧文·利马当时发生了车祸，头部受伤严重。suffer意为“遭受、蒙受”符合语境。2．A　解析：考查语境推断。根据本句中的“whichhehascontinuedto______forthepast40years”可推知，这次车祸使欧文·利马的大脑遭受了损伤(damage)，以至于让他已经应付这个问题达40年之久。3．D　解析：参见上题解析。competeagainst意为“竞争、对抗”，liveon,意为“继续活着”，dealwith意为“解决、应付”。4．A　解析：考查逻辑推断。根据本句中的“especiallywhentheyspeakquickly”可推知，欧文·利马的大脑遭受损伤后，他很难理解别人，尤其是当别人说话快时。5．D　解析：考查逻辑推断。因为不能理解他人，他很(highly)可能会焦虑。6．B　解析：考查逻辑推断。为了缓解焦虑，欧文·利马就找了一条名为Blue的服务犬来陪伴(accompanied)自己，让它帮助自己保持平静(calm)。7．A　解析：参见上题解析。此处与上句中的anxiety形成对比。8．D　解析：考查同义复现。根据下一句中的“hehas______tofindasteadyjob”可推知，欧文·利马面临的最大问题之一是找工作(employment)。9．A　解析：考查逻辑推断。与空前一句中的problems呼应可推知，欧文·利马找工作很难，因此他多年来一直在努力找一个稳定的工作。struggle意为“奋斗、努力、争取”符合语境。10．B　解析：考查语境推断。根据本句中的“orgivenunfairwages”可推知，即使欧文·利马找到了工作，但是受到的待遇总是比较差。11．C　解析：考查语境推断。与本句中的unfair形成呼应可推知，欧文·利马得到这样不公平的对待，让他觉得自己是一个二等公民。secondclass意为“次要的、无足轻重的”。12．D　解析：考查逻辑推断。根据下文中的“Thestoremanager______togivehimachanceofsuccess.”可推知，欧文·利马在遭遇各种不公平的待遇后最终时来运转。13．B　解析：考查语境推断。根据本句中的“ajobataLowe'shomeimprovement,store”并结合下文中讲的欧文·利马和Blue在这个店里上班可推知，当时欧文·利马和Blue是去那个店里申请工作。applyfor意为“申请”。14．C　解析：考查语境推断。与本句中的talked呼应可推知，欧文·利马在申请工作时被问及带一条服务犬的用途。15．A　解析：考查逻辑推断。根据下文中的“thechancetowork”可推知，那家店的经理决定给欧文·利马一个成功的机会，即录用了欧文·利马，于是欧文·利马便带着Blue在那个店里工作了。16．B　解析：参见上题解析。17．C　解析：考查逻辑推断。根据本句中的grandopening可推知，欧文·利马和Blue在店隆重开业期间，在那里迎接新顾客。greet意为“欢迎、迎接”。18．D　解析：考查语境推断。欧文·利马也给Blue穿上了它自己的定做的背心以和其他员工的制服相配。match意为“相配”。19．C　解析：考查语境推断。基于以前受到的不公平的待遇，欧文·利马很感激他的新雇主，不仅因为给了他工作的机会，而且还因为让他带着Blue一起来上班。20．B　解析：参见上题解析。comealong意为“跟随、跟着来”。Ⅲ.短文改错IamDavid.AsaeighteenyearoldstudentinSenior3,therehavealwaysanewchallengejustaroundthecorner！Attimestheycanbequitestressful,whichinturnmakesmefeelveryworry.Inordertohelpdealthis,Igojoggingasoftenaspossibly.WhetherI'matthegymandontheroad,mynervousenergypushmethroughonemile.Bythesecondmile,thetensionhasmovedfrommymindtomyleg.Bytheendoftherun,allmystresshasbeendisappearedandIamreadytomeetmorechallengeswithconfidencethenextday!答案：,IamDavid.AseighteenyearoldstudentinSenior3,therealwaysanewchallengejustaroundthecorner！Attimescanbequitestressful,whichinturnmakesmefeelvery.Inordertohelpdealthis,Igojoggingasoftenas.WhetherI'matthegymontheroad,mynervousenergymethroughonemile.Bythesecondmile,thetensionhasmovedfrommymindtomy.Bytheendoftherun,allmystresshasdisappearedandIamreadytomeetmorechallengeswithconfidencethenextday！