A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Thefirewassofierce(凶猛的)thatmanyanimalswerenotabletoescape.2．Beingaddictedtoonlineshoppingfortoolongwillgreatlydecrease(减少)people'sdesiretotakepartinsocialactivities.3．Moremeasuresshouldbetakentostoppeoplehunting(猎取)wildanimals.4．Inmyopinion,nobodycaneasilysucceed(成功)withoutconfidenceandhardwork.5．Johnwenttohospitalimmediatelyafterhewasbitten(咬)byadogyesterday.6．Thiskindoffruitcontains(含有)richVitaminC,soyoucanfeedittoyourkid.7．Peopledevelopapreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyageandthesepreferencesaffect(影响)learning.8．Theideaistofigureoutforeachincident(事件)whowasinvolved,whereithappenedandwhenitmightgodown.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．BecauseofCOVID19,manybusinesses,includingtourismindustryandcateringindustry,havebeenseriouslyharmed(harm)．2．Thewriteratfirstthoughtaboutgivinghisstoryahappyending(end),buthechangedhisidealater.3．(2019·浙江卷6月)Theloss(lose)ofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.4．Parentsattachmuchimportance(important)toeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.5．Shemadecontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection(protect),thoughshewasjustachild.6．Nearlyalloftheyoungpeopleinterviewedbelievedthatworkwasthekeytosuccess(succeed)．7．Withthegovernment'said，thosepeopleaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.,8．Hewasworried，becausehelosthisbagcontaining(contain)hispassport，IDcardandalotofmoney.9．OnthenightoftheMidAutumnDay，peoplegathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciating(appreciate)thefullmoon.10．To_decrease(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you'llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.2．Iappreciatebeing_invited(invite)toyourparty,butIhaveanimportantactivitytoattend.3．It'sapitythatthereislittlefoodleft(leave)forthosehungrychildrentoeat.4．Itiscertainthattheywillachievetheirgoalsintimewiththehelpoftheprofessor.5．Afterheretired，theoldmandidallhecouldtoprotecttheoldtemplefrombeing_damaged(damage)．6．Accordingtothereport,scientistshaveagreatmanytheoriesaboutwhentheworldcame(come)intobeing.7．Whatweappreciatedmostwasthatyouhadastrongteamworkspirit,whichallowedustocompleteourtasksveryefficiently.8．Themanhasbeentakentothepolicestationandis_being_questioned(question)bythepolicemennow.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Aman，bitbyasnake，wentunconsciouswhenhewasinspectedaconstructionsite.Rescueworkersarrivedimmediatelyandrushedhimtothenearesthospital，wheredoctorssucceededtobringinghimbacktolifebycontainthespreadofthepoison.答案：第一句：bit→bitten；inspected→inspecting；第二句：第二个to→in；contain→containing2．Deeplybeingaffected,themanlayinbed，withhiseyesfilledwithtears.He,reallyappreciatedfortherescuers'kindnessandthedoctors'carefultreatment.答案：第一句：删除being；第二句：删除for3．Sheisakindheartedwomanandoftenhasamercyonpeoplewhoareintrouble.答案：删除mercy前的a4．Itwasgreatreliefforhimtofindnothinghadbeenstolen.答案：在great前加a5．IappreciategivensuchagoodchancetomakeaspeechonhowtolearnEnglishwell.答案：在appreciate后加being6．Thescientistexplainedinhisbookhowtheuniversewascameintobeing.答案：删除wasⅤ.完成句子/句型转换1．更重要的是，为了保护孩子们免受数字世界的危害，我们已经做了很多工作。Moreimportantly,muchhasbeendonetoprotect_the_children_from_the_danger_ofthedigitalworld.2．例如，曾经我的大部分同学建议周末去郊游，但是我认为帮助敬老院的老人更有意义。Forexample，oncemostofmyclassmatessuggestedthat_we(should)_go_outing_at_the_weekend，butIthoughthelpingtheoldatthenursinghomewouldbemoremeaningful.3．让他们非常高兴的是，建造和开放博物馆的活动成功地筹集到了1.73亿美元。Totheirgreatjoy,thecampaigntobuildandopenthemuseumsucceeded_in_collecting$173million.4．你应该劝你的父亲不要喝酒，因为这对他的健康有害。Youshouldpersuadeyourfatheroutofdrinkingbecauseitdoes_harm_to_his_health．,5．TheCollegeEntranceExaminationisdrawingnear,sothestudentsfeelgreatpressure.→With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_drawing_near，thestudentsfeelgreatpressure.(with复合结构)B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·东北三省四市高考模拟一)Runningafterfireflies(萤火虫)onawarmsummernightmightbecomeararechildhoodmemoryifhumansdon'ttakeaction.Thereareover2，000differentfireflyspeciesaroundtheworld,buttheirpopulationsaredecreasingduetoartificiallightpollution,pesticides(杀虫剂)andsmallerhabitatsize.AteamofTuftsUniversityledresearcherssurveyedscientistsandconservationistsaboutthethreatstofireflypopulationsaroundtheworld.Accordingtothestudy,oneofthemainthreatstofirefliesinEastAsiaandSouthAmericaisartificiallight.Fireflieslightuptoattractmates,buttheycaneasilymistakehumanmadelightsaspotentialpartners.Adultfirefliestypicallyliveonlyafewdays,whichdoesn'tgivethemlongtimetofindamate.Humans'destroyingtheinsects'naturalhabitatscreatesanotherthreat.Duringtheirlarvalphase(幼虫期),Malaysianfirefliesliveinriversidebushesthatareoftenpulledoutforhumanmadefishfarms.InEurope,Lampyrisfirefliesarefindinglessfoodtoeatduetothegrowingurbanizationofwhatwereoncewoodsandfarmlands.InMalaysia,adultPteroptyxfirefliesthatusuallyprefertomateinspecifictreesnexttorivershavetofindnewmatingareasbecausethetreesarebeingcutdownforfarmhouses.Thestudyalsolookedattheeffectsofclimatechange,tourism,invasive(侵入的)speciesandwaterpollution.Onapositivenote,whilefirefliesaroundtheworldseemtobesufferingfromthepreviouslymentionedissues,BigDipperfireflieslivingintheUShappentobebooming.“Thoseguyscansurviveprettymuchanywhere，”saidSaraLewis,abiologistfromTuftsUniversity.,Thestudyurgescountrieswherefireflypopulationsaredwindlingtotakemeasurestopreservesuitablehabitats,lessenlightpollution,reduceuseofpesticidesanddevelopbetterguidelinesfortourismaroundknownfireflyareas.1．WhatmainlycausesthedropofthefireflypopulationinEastAsia?A．Lightpollution.B．Habitatloss.C．Climatechange.D．Foodshortage.2．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytoadapttotheenvironment?A．TheMalaysianfirefly.B．TheLampyrisfirefly.C．ThePteroptyxfirefly.D．TheBigDipperfirefly.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindling”inparagraph5mean?A．Ontherise.B．Onthedecrease.C．Undercontrol.D．Outofcontrol.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Watchingfirefliesisararechildhoodmemory.B．Cooperationisthekeytofireflyprotection.C．Urbanizationbecomesamainthreattofireflies.D．Humanactivitiesleadtofewerfireflypopulations.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人工光污染、杀虫剂和较小的栖息地造成萤火虫的数量在减少。1．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“oneofthemainthreatstofirefliesinEastAsiaandSouthAmericaisartificiallight”可知，在东亚，萤火虫数量减少的主要原因之一是光污染，故选A。2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“BigDipperfireflieslivingintheUShappentobebooming.‘Thoseguyscansurviveprettymuchanywhere’”可知，北斗七星萤火虫更可能适应环境，故选D。3．B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“totakemeasurestopreservesuitable,habitats,lessenlightpollution,reduceuseofpesticidesanddevelopbetterguidelinesfortourismaroundknownfireflyareas”可以判断，这些都是针对萤火虫数量减少而采取的措施，故画线词意为“减少”，应选B项。4．D　解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的中心句“Thereareover2，000differentfireflyspeciesaroundtheworld,buttheirpopulationsaredecreasingduetoartificiallightpollution,pesticides(杀虫剂)andsmallerhabitatsize.”可知，本文主要讲的是人工光污染、杀虫剂和较小的栖息地造成萤火虫的数量在减少，故D项正确。B(2021·山东新高考第一次模拟)Nexttimeyoufindyourselftendingtoyourflowergarden，youmaywanttostayquiet.Theflowersarelistening.Israeliscientistsdiscoveredthattheplantshearbeesapproachingandattempttoluretheminwithsweeternectar(花蜜)．Inseveralexperiments,theyfoundthatplayingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowerswillcausethesugarconcentrationinthenectartorisebyabout20%inlessthanfiveminutes.Sucharapidreactionbyplantstosoundhadneverpreviouslybeenreported.Justtomakeacomparison,theresearchersalsotriedahigherfrequencynoise—likethatmadebyamosquitoorabat—andtheflowersdidnotrespond.Theauthorspointedoutthatthebehaviorisactuallyinlinewiththenaturalorderofthings,consideringthataplant'sabilitytosenseitsenvironmentandrespondtoitiscriticalforitssurvival.So,itseemsthatplantshavesomesortofconsciousness.Thisisnotthefirsttimethatplantshavereactedtothesoundaroundthem.Ina2009study,theresearchersfoundthatwomen'svoiceshelpmakeplantsgrowfaster.Inthatexperiment，tomatoplantswerefoundtogrowtwoinchestallerwhentheyweretendedtobyafemalegardener.Whatifwetoldyouthatapotatochipbagleftonthefloorofabreakroomcouldlisteninonofficegossip?Aspeopleweretalkingaroundthepotatochipbag,theywere,sendingtinysoundvibrations(震动)intotheair.Thosevibrationsthenhitlifelessobjectsaroundtheroom.Ifyouhadacamerathatwaszoomedinononeofthoseobjectsextremelyclosely,intheory,youcouldactuallyseetheobjectmovealongwiththevibrations.Youcouldthenfeedthatvideointoacomputerprogramthatcouldtranslatethevibrationsandyoucouldplaybacktheaudiooftheconversationthatjusttookplace.Sothenexttimeyou'reatthebotanicalgardenorinagroceryaisle，becarefulwhatyousay.Someone—orsomething—mightbelistening.5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“lure”inparagraph2?A．Shut.B．Attract.C．Trap.D．Lead.6．Whatisvitalforplantstosurvive?A．Thesoiltheydependontogrow.B．Theaudiorecordingsplayedtothem.C．Theidentificationtothesoundfrequency.D．Thepowertosenseandreacttotheenvironment.7．Whatcanspeedupthegrowthofplants?A．Thewomen'svoice.B．Thestrengthofthevibration.C．Thespeciesoftheyoungplant.D．Thenumberofthemusicplayed.8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thefrequencyofvibrationsdeterminesplants'growth.B．Soundvibrationscanbeprocessedintoaudio.C．Buzzingbeescanincreasetheproductionofnectar.D．Plantsorlifelessobjectsmayhavetheabilitytolisten.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，植物会对周围的声音作出反应，而无生命的物体也会随声波的震动动起来。5．B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和语境可知，当植物听到蜜蜂靠近时，会试图用更甜的花蜜吸引它们，故选B“吸引”。,6．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“aplant'sabilitytosenseitsenvironmentandrespondtoitiscriticalforitssurvival”可知，D项“感知环境并对环境作出反应的能力”正确。7．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“theresearchersfoundthatwomen'svoiceshelpmakeplantsgrowfaster”可知A项正确。8．D　解析：主旨大义题。文章开头说植物听到蜜蜂靠近就会试图用更甜的花蜜来吸引它们，后面说薯片的包装袋可能会偷听办公室的闲聊，再结合文章最后一句“Someone—orsomething—mightbelistening.”可知，这句话总结了全文大意，故选D项“植物或无生命物体可能有听的能力”。【难句分析】　Inseveralexperiments，theyfoundthatplayingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowerswillcausethesugarconcentrationinthenectartorisebyabout20%inlessthanfiveminutes.分析：这是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，作found的宾语，在该宾语从句中playingaudiorecordingsofbuzzingbeesaroundcertainflowers为动词ing短语作主语。译文：在数个实验中，他们发现在一些花周围播放嗡嗡的蜜蜂声音的录音，将会引起花蜜中糖的浓度在不到五分钟的时间里增加大约20%。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·南昌高三一模)CaoimheMcconwaywasamotheroftwo.Shewas__1__adeliveryofbabyclothesforheryoungdaughterFéahafterplacinga(n)__2__online，butthepackagenever__3__ittoherhomeinLisburn，NorthernIreland.That'sbecause，unknowntoherandthedeliverycompany，ithad__4__thebackofatruckhundredsofmilesaway，andthenewclotheshadbeen__5__afterbeing“spreadeverywhere”bythe__6__traffic.Thepackagehadbeen__7__byanothermum，whodecidedtostepinwithanincredible__8__．Afewdayslater，Caoimhereceivedadeliverywithanotewhich__9__：DearCaoimhe，,Iamwritingtotellyouthatthe__10__youwerewaitingforwithbabyclothesinwillnotbe__11__，asunfortunatelyitmusthavefallenoffthetruckasInoticeditwhilewalkingtoschool.Ifoundyour__12__onthepackagesothatIsendsomenewbabyclothesforyou，whichIhope__13__yourbaby.Iwouldhavecollectedthemofftheroadbuttheywerespreadeverywhereandall__14__andoily.Sincerely，Emily__15__thecardonthesocialmedia，Caoimhewrote，“Howamazingisshe，acomplete__16__！IfanyoneknowsanEmilyfromMaidstone，pleasetellhershe'scompletelyrestoredmy__17__inhumanity.”__18__，injustafewhoursthepostmadeitswayfromNorthernIrelandtoKentandamessage__19__inCaoimhe'smailboxfromEmily.Caoimhesaid，“Weexchangednumbersandhavebeenin__20__throughWhatsAppregularly.Ithinkit'slovelythatwehavebecomefriendsthroughthis.”1．A.openingB．expectingC．providingD．checking2．A.depositB．requestC．orderD．instruction3．A.gotB．tookC．reachedD．made4．A.droppedfromB．knockedoverC．pulleddownD．slidinto5．A.stolenB．ruinedC．collectedD．torn6．A.busyB．convenientC．easyD．slow7．A.spottedB．returnedC．sentD．hidden8．A.storyB．pattern,C．gestureD．practice9．A.wroteB．toldC．readD．informed10．A.envelopeB．suitcaseC．emailD．parcel11．A.leavingB．arrivingC．happeningD．remaining12．A.photoB．occupationC．conditionD．information13．A.benefitB．fitC．prepareD．excite14．A.cleanB．wornC．dirtyD．fresh15．A.PostingB．PublishingC．HangingD．Holding16．A.neighborB．helperC．donorD．stranger17．A.freedomB．mercyC．prideD．faith18．A.UnbelievablyB．GraduallyC．OriginallyD．Reasonably19．A.steppedB．landedC．stoppedD．rushed20．A.turnB．lifeC．touchD．relation1．B　解析：根据下文中的“youwerewaitingforwithbabyclothesin”可推知，卡奥恩在网上下了订单后正在家期待收到自己的包裹。2．C　解析：参见上题解析。placeanorder意为“下订单”。3．D　解析：根据下文中的“unfortunatelyitmusthavefallenoffthetruck”,可推知，卡奥恩的包裹不能成功到达了，因为她的包裹已经从运送的车上掉了下来。makeitto...意为“成功到达……”。4．A　解析：参见上题解析。5．B　解析：根据下文中的“buttheywerespreadeverywhereandall______andoily”可知，包裹里的衣服散落一地，而且又脏又油，由此可推知，新衣服都被糟蹋了。B项意为“糟蹋、毁坏”，故B项正确。6．A　解析：根据该句中的“being‘spreadeverywhere’”并结合常识可推知，当时交通繁忙。7．A　解析：根据下文讲述的埃米莉给卡奥恩邮寄衣服可推知，掉落的包裹被另一个妈妈，即埃米莉发现了。spot意为“发现”。8．D　解析：根据下文讲述的埃米莉的做法可知，埃米莉发现包裹后，决定以一种不可思议的做法援之以手。practice意为“做法”。9．C　解析：根据下文便条的内容可知，此处表示便条上写着(read)。在英文中这种表达经常用say或read。10．D　解析：根据上文中的“butthepackagenever______ittoherhome”可知，此处表示卡奥恩所等待被递送的装有婴儿衣物的包裹，与下文中的“onthepackage”呼应。parcel意为“包裹”，故选D。11．B　解析：与上文中的“thepackagenever______ittoherhome”呼应可知，此处表示卡奥恩所等待的包裹到不了她的家里了。arrive意为“到达、抵达”。12．D　解析：根据下文讲述的埃米莉给卡奥恩邮寄衣服可知，埃米莉在包裹上发现了卡奥恩的相关信息。13．B　解析：根据语境和常识可推知，埃米莉希望她寄的婴儿服卡奥,恩的女儿能穿着合身。fit意为“适合、合身”，故选B。14．C　解析：根据该句中的“collectedthemofftheroadbuttheywerespreadeverywhere”和“andoily”可推知，散落在路上的衣服又脏又油。15．A　解析：根据下文中的“thepost”可推知，卡奥恩把附带在包裹里的卡片发布在社交媒体上了。post意为“发布”。16．D　解析：根据下一句中的“IfanyoneknowsanEmilyfromMaidstone”可推知，卡奥恩并不认识埃米莉，因此对于卡奥恩来讲，埃米莉是一个素不相识的人，故选D项。B项意为“帮手、助手”，C项意为“捐赠者”。17．D　解析：根据语境可知，埃米莉(的善举)完全恢复了卡奥恩对人性的信心。faith意为“信任、信心”。18．A　解析：根据空后的“injustafewhoursthepostmadeitswayfromNorthernIrelandtoKent”可推知，令人难以置信的是，仅仅在几个小时内卡奥恩的帖子就从北爱尔兰传到了肯特郡。19．B　解析：根据下文中的“Weexchangednumbers”可推知，一条来自埃米莉的信息到达了卡奥恩的邮箱。20．C　解析：根据下句“Ithinkit'slovelythatwehavebecomefriendsthroughthis.”可推知，卡奥恩和埃米莉交换了号码，而且经常通过WhatsApp联系，并最终成了朋友。beintouch(withsb.)意为“(与……)有联系”。Ⅲ.短文改错(2021·太原高三模拟)IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIaminprimaryschool，butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.NomatterhowhardlyItried，Icouldn'tunderstandclearlywhichmyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.Oneday，IwassurfingtheInternetwhileanadvertisementforEnglishlisteningdrewyourattention.Tomyamaze，itwasawebsitewhererecordingofsomewellknownbooks,wereprovided.Whenseethewebsite，Ifellinloveit，whichturnedouttobethatuseful.NowIhavemadeaprogressinlistening.答案：IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIinprimaryschool，butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.NomatterhowItried，Icouldn'tunderstandclearlymyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.Oneday，IwassurfingtheInternetanadvertisementforEnglishlisteningdrewattention.Tomy，itwasawebsitewhereofsomewellknownbookswereprovided.Whenthewebsite，Ifellinloveit，whichturnedouttobethatuseful.NowIhavemadeprogressinlistening.①am改为was。动词时态误用。since引导时间状语从句时，从句时态一般用一般过去时，此处讲述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，所以将am改为was。②hardly改为hard。副词混用。hardly意为“几乎不”，hard作副词时意为“努力地、猛烈地”，结合句意“无论我多么努力地尝试”可知，此处应将hardly改为hard。③which改为what。引导词误用。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，结合句意“我无法清楚地明白老师或当地人所说的话”可知，此处引导词应用what，所以将which改为what。④while改为when。连词误用。本句为固定句型“sb.was/weredoing...when...”，意为“某人正在做……突然……”，所以将while改为when。,⑤your改为my。代词误用。结合句意“一条英语听力的广告吸引了我的注意力”可知，此处代词your应该改为my。⑥amaze改为amazement。动词和名词混用。toone's＋n.为固定表达，意为“令某人……的是”，所以把amaze改为amazement。⑦recording改为recordings。名词单复数误用。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为wereprovided，所以主语应该为可数名词复数，recordingofsomewellknownbooks为主语，核心词为recording，所以将recording改为recordings。⑧see改为seeing。动词形式误用。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为fell，空处作非谓语，逻辑主语为I，两者之间为主动关系，作时间状语，所以将see改为seeing。⑨love后加with。介词漏用。fallinlovewith...为固定用法，意为“爱上……”，所以在love后加with。⑩去掉a。冠词多用。makeprogress为固定用法，意为“取得进步”，其中progress为不可数名词，所以将不定冠词a去掉。